mRNA 和 tRNA 中的可逆 RNA 修饰 N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)。
Reversible RNA Modification N-methyladenosine (mA) in mRNA and tRNA.
机构信息
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
出版信息
Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2018 Jun;16(3):155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.03.003. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
More than 100 modifications have been found in RNA. Analogous to epigenetic DNA methylation, epitranscriptomic modifications can be written, read, and erased by a complex network of proteins. Apart from N-methyladenosine (mA), N-methyladenosine (mA) has been found as a reversible modification in tRNA and mRNA. mA occurs at positions 9, 14, and 58 of tRNA, with mA58 being critical for tRNA stability. Other than the hundreds of mA sites in mRNA and long non-coding RNA transcripts, transcriptome-wide mapping of mA also identifies >20 mA sites in mitochondrial genes. mA in the coding region of mitochondrial transcripts can inhibit the translation of the corresponding proteins. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of mA in mRNA and tRNA, covering high-throughput sequencing methods developed for mA methylome, mA-related enzymes (writers and erasers), as well as its functions in mRNA and tRNA.
已经发现 RNA 中有 100 多种修饰。与表观遗传学 DNA 甲基化类似，转录后修饰可以通过蛋白质的复杂网络进行写入、读取和擦除。除了 N6-甲基腺苷（m6A）外，N1-甲基腺苷（m1A）也被发现是 tRNA 和 mRNA 中的一种可逆修饰。m1A 出现在 tRNA 的位置 9、14 和 58 处，m1A58 对 tRNA 的稳定性至关重要。除了 mRNA 和长非编码 RNA 转录本中的数百个 m1A 位点外，m1A 在线粒体基因中的转录组范围图谱也鉴定出 >20 个 m1A 位点。线粒体转录本编码区的 m1A 可以抑制相应蛋白质的翻译。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对 mRNA 和 tRNA 中 m1A 的理解，涵盖了为 m1A 甲基组学开发的高通量测序方法、m1A 相关酶（写入器和擦除器）以及其在 mRNA 和 tRNA 中的功能。
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