基于路边调查的强制和随机测试，驾驶员药物使用的流行率。
Prevalence of drug use among drivers based on mandatory, random tests in a roadside survey.
机构信息
Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2018 Jun 19;13(6):e0199302. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199302. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
In the context of road safety, this study aims to examine the prevalence of drug use in a random sample of drivers.
METHODS
A stratified probabilistic sample was designed to represent vehicles circulating on non-urban roads. Random drug tests were performed during autumn 2014 on 521 drivers in Catalonia (Spain). Participation was mandatory. The prevalence of drug driving for cannabis, methamphetamines, amphetamines, cocaine, opiates and benzodiazepines was assessed.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of drug use is 16.4% (95% CI: 13.9; 18.9) and affects primarily younger male drivers. Drug use is similarly prevalent during weekdays and on weekends, but increases with the number of occupants. The likelihood of being positive for methamphetamines is significantly higher for drivers of vans and lorries.
CONCLUSIONS
Different patterns of use are detected depending on the drug considered. Preventive drug tests should not only be conducted on weekends and at night-time, and need to be reinforced for drivers of commercial vehicles. Active educational campaigns should focus on the youngest age-group of male drivers.
背景
在道路安全方面，本研究旨在检查随机样本中驾驶员的药物使用情况。
方法
采用分层概率抽样设计，代表非城市道路上行驶的车辆。2014 年秋季，在加泰罗尼亚（西班牙）对 521 名驾驶员进行了随机药物测试。参与是强制性的。评估了大麻、冰毒、苯丙胺、可卡因、阿片类药物和苯二氮䓬类药物的药物驾驶患病率。
结果
药物使用的总体患病率为 16.4%（95%CI：13.9; 18.9），主要影响年轻男性驾驶员。药物使用在工作日和周末同样普遍，但随着乘客人数的增加而增加。厢式货车和卡车司机的冰毒呈阳性的可能性明显更高。
结论
根据所考虑的药物，检测到不同的使用模式。药物检测不仅应在周末和夜间进行，还需要加强对商用车驾驶员的检测。积极的教育宣传活动应针对最年轻的男性驾驶员群体。
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