Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Chemical Science and Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 60439, IL, USA.
Nat Commun. 2018 Jun 21;9(1):2429. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04826-0.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely promoted as clean alternatives to conventional vehicles for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ground transportation. However, the battery undergoes a sophisticated degradation process during EV operations and its effects on EV energy consumption and GHG emissions are unknown. Here we show on a typical 24 kWh lithium-manganese-oxide-graphite battery pack that the degradation of EV battery can be mathematically modeled to predict battery life and to study its effects on energy consumption and GHG emissions from EV operations. We found that under US state-level average driving conditions, the battery life is ranging between 5.2 years in Florida and 13.3 years in Alaska under 30% battery degradation limit. The battery degradation will cause a 11.5-16.2% increase in energy consumption and GHG emissions per km driven at 30% capacity loss. This study provides a robust analytical approach and results for supporting policy making in prioritizing EV deployment in the U.S.
电动汽车（EV）被广泛推广为传统汽车的清洁替代品，以减少地面交通的温室气体（GHG）排放。然而，电池在电动汽车运行过程中会经历一个复杂的退化过程，其对电动汽车能耗和 GHG 排放的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们展示了一个典型的 24kWh 锂锰氧化物-石墨电池组，表明电动汽车电池的退化可以通过数学建模来预测电池寿命，并研究其对电动汽车运行能耗和 GHG 排放的影响。我们发现，在美国州平均驾驶条件下，在 30%的电池退化限制下，电池寿命在佛罗里达州为 5.2 年，在阿拉斯加为 13.3 年。电池退化将导致在容量损失 30%的情况下，每行驶一公里的能耗和 GHG 排放增加 11.5-16.2%。本研究为美国优先部署电动汽车的政策制定提供了一种强大的分析方法和结果。
