Beitelshees Marie, Hill Andrew, Jones Charles H, Pfeifer Blaine A
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
Abcombi Biosciences Inc., 1576 Sweet Home Road, Amherst, NY 14228, USA.
Materials (Basel). 2018 Jun 26;11(7):1086. doi: 10.3390/ma11071086.
Various bacterial species cycle between growth phases and biofilm formation, of which the latter facilitates persistence in inhospitable environments. These phases can be generally characterized by one or more cellular phenotype(s), each with distinct virulence factor functionality. In addition, a variety of phenotypes can often be observed within the phases themselves, which can be dependent on host conditions or the presence of nutrient and oxygen gradients within the biofilm itself (i.e., microenvironments). Currently, most anti-biofilm strategies have targeted a single phenotype; this approach has driven effective, yet incomplete, protection due to the lack of consideration of gene expression dynamics throughout the bacteria’s pathogenesis. As such, this article provides an overview of the distinct phenotypes found within each biofilm development phase and demonstrates the unique anti-biofilm solutions each phase offers. However, we conclude that a combinatorial approach must be taken to provide complete protection against biofilm forming bacterial and their resulting diseases.
多种细菌物种在生长阶段和生物膜形成之间循环，其中后者有助于在恶劣环境中持续存在。这些阶段通常可以由一种或多种细胞表型来表征，每种表型都具有独特的毒力因子功能。此外，在这些阶段本身通常可以观察到多种表型，这可能取决于宿主条件或生物膜本身（即微环境）内营养物质和氧气梯度的存在。目前，大多数抗生物膜策略都针对单一表型；由于在细菌发病机制中缺乏对基因表达动态的考虑，这种方法带来了有效但不完整的保护。因此，本文概述了在每个生物膜发育阶段发现的不同表型，并展示了每个阶段提供的独特抗生物膜解决方案。然而，我们得出结论，必须采取组合方法来提供针对形成生物膜的细菌及其所致疾病的全面保护。
