Li Yuli, Wang Ruijia, Xun Xiaogang, Wang Jing, Bao Lisui, Thimmappa Ramesha, Ding Jun, Jiang Jingwei, Zhang Liheng, Li Tianqi, Lv Jia, Mu Chuang, Hu Xiaoli, Zhang Lingling, Liu Jing, Li Yuqiang, Yao Lijie, Jiao Wenqian, Wang Yangfan, Lian Shanshan, Zhao Zelong, Zhan Yaoyao, Huang Xiaoting, Liao Huan, Wang Jia, Sun Hongzhen, Mi Xue, Xia Yu, Xing Qiang, Lu Wei, Osbourn Anne, Zhou Zunchun, Chang Yaqing, Bao Zhenmin, Wang Shi
1MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China.
2Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237 China.
Cell Discov. 2018 Jun 26;4:29. doi: 10.1038/s41421-018-0030-5. eCollection 2018.
Echinoderms exhibit several fascinating evolutionary innovations that are rarely seen in the animal kingdom, but how these animals attained such features is not well understood. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of the genome and extensive transcriptomes of the sea cucumber , a species from a special echinoderm group with extraordinary potential for saponin synthesis, aestivation and organ regeneration. The sea cucumber does not possess a reorganized cluster as previously assumed for all echinoderms, and the spatial expression of and potentially guides the embryo-to-larva axial transformation. Contrary to the typical production of lanosterol in animal cholesterol synthesis, the oxidosqualene cyclase of sea cucumber produces parkeol for saponin synthesis and has "plant-like" motifs suggestive of convergent evolution. The transcriptional factors and are identified as key regulators of aestivation, probably exerting their effects through a clock gene-controlled process. Intestinal hypometabolism during aestivation is driven by the DNA hypermethylation of various metabolic gene pathways, whereas the transcriptional network of intestine regeneration involves diverse signaling pathways, including Wnt, Hippo and FGF. Decoding the sea cucumber genome provides a new avenue for an in-depth understanding of the extraordinary features of sea cucumbers and other echinoderms.
棘皮动物展现出了一些在动物界中罕见的迷人进化创新，但这些动物是如何获得这些特征的，目前还没有得到很好的理解。在这里，我们报告了海参的基因组测序和分析以及广泛的转录组情况，海参是一种来自特殊棘皮动物群体的物种，在皂苷合成、夏眠和器官再生方面具有非凡潜力。海参并不具备如之前所有棘皮动物所假设的那样经过重组的基因簇，并且相关基因的空间表达可能指导着胚胎到幼虫的轴向转变。与动物胆固醇合成中典型的羊毛甾醇产生不同，海参的氧化鲨烯环化酶产生用于皂苷合成的帕克醇，并且具有暗示趋同进化的“植物样”基序。转录因子被确定为夏眠的关键调节因子，可能通过一个由时钟基因控制的过程发挥作用。夏眠期间肠道低代谢是由各种代谢基因途径的DNA高甲基化驱动的，而肠道再生的转录网络涉及多种信号通路，包括Wnt、Hippo和FGF。解读海参基因组为深入了解海参和其他棘皮动物的非凡特征提供了一条新途径。
