Cristians Sol, Bye Robert, Nieto-Sotelo Jorge
Laboratorio de Etnobotánica, Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Jardín Botánico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Pharmacol. 2018 Jun 22;9:666. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00666. eCollection 2018.
The copalchi complex, , and , is widely used in Mexico for treating diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders. The first therapeutic use for bark was registered in the "Florentine Codex" in the sixteenth century. The latest pharmacological and phytochemical studies revealed that the infusion of the leaves have hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and gastroprotective activities. For these reasons the monograph of the main copalchi species, , was recently added to the Mexican Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Nevertheless, quality control parameters are focused to the bark but not to the leaves. Moreover, information about other Rubiaceae species is needed. The main goal of this study was to generate molecular and chemical markers for quality control of the copalchi complex raw material. In addition, the resolution of the taxonomical ambiguity between and , as well as the testing of the molecular and chemical markers in different geographical batches, were aims of this study. The molecular markers and chemical profiles of the leaf infusions were generated considering three different populations for and separate individuals of the three species (HL, = 10; HS, = 3; EC, = 4). The molecular markers , and were tested for their discriminating capabilities. Chemical profiles of the leaf infusions were obtained by means of HPLC analyses using chlorogenic acid and 4-phenylcoumarins as chemical markers. The concatenated sequence of the molecular markers , and clearly distinguished the three taxa, clarifying the taxonomical ambiguity of the genus. Additionally, the chemical profiles allowed the unequivocal identification of each species supporting the molecular results; the geographical origin of the samples did not modify neither the chemical profiles nor the concatenated sequence of , suggesting that it is a robust identity test. The complementary use of molecular and chemical markers will assure the quality of plant material used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes, and should be valuable new information for the National Health authorities as a part of the Mexican Herbal Pharmacopoeia.
科帕尔基复合物（ 、 和 ）在墨西哥被广泛用于治疗糖尿病和胃肠道疾病。其树皮的首次治疗用途于16世纪被记载在《佛罗伦萨手抄本》中。最新的药理学和植物化学研究表明，该植物叶子的浸剂具有降血糖、抗高血糖和胃保护活性。基于这些原因，主要科帕尔基物种（ ）的专论最近被纳入了《墨西哥草药药典》。然而，质量控制参数主要集中在树皮而非叶子上。此外，还需要有关其他茜草科物种的信息。本研究的主要目的是生成用于科帕尔基复合物原材料质量控制的分子和化学标记。此外，解决 和 之间的分类学歧义，以及在不同地理批次中测试分子和化学标记，也是本研究的目标。考虑到 的三个不同种群以及三个物种（HL， = 10；HS， = 3；EC， = 4）的单独个体，生成了叶子浸剂的分子标记和化学图谱。对分子标记 、 和 的鉴别能力进行了测试。通过使用绿原酸和4-苯基香豆素作为化学标记的高效液相色谱分析获得了叶子浸剂的化学图谱。分子标记 、 和 的串联序列清楚地区分了这三个分类单元，澄清了 属的分类学歧义。此外，化学图谱能够明确鉴定每个物种，支持了分子研究结果；样品的地理来源既未改变化学图谱，也未改变 的串联序列，这表明它是一种可靠的身份测试。分子和化学标记的互补使用将确保用于传统医学治疗目的的植物材料的质量，并且作为《墨西哥草药药典》的一部分，应该为国家卫生当局提供有价值的新信息。
