Kirk Robert G W
Centre for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Sci Technol Human Values. 2018 Jul;43(4):622-648. doi: 10.1177/0162243917726579. Epub 2017 Aug 28.
The 3Rs, or the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal research, are widely accepted as the best approach to maximizing high-quality science while ensuring the highest standard of ethical consideration is applied in regulating the use of animals in scientific procedures. This contrasts with the muted scientific interest in the 3Rs when they were first proposed in (1959). Indeed, the relative success of the 3Rs has done little to encourage engagement with their original text, which remains little read and out of print. By adopting a historical perspective, this article argues that one explanation for this disjunction may be found in another, more celebrated, event of 1959: C. P. Snow's Rede lecture on . The moral outlook of derived from an earlier ethos wherein humanistic and scientific values occupied a shared culture. While the synthetic style of has hindered its readership, this article concludes that there is value to recovering the notion that the humanities and social sciences can contribute to the improvement of animal research.
“3R原则”，即动物研究的替代、减少和优化，被广泛认为是在确保科学程序中动物使用遵循最高道德标准的同时，最大化高质量科学研究的最佳方法。这与1959年首次提出“3R原则”时科学界对此的冷淡态度形成了对比。事实上，“3R原则”相对的成功并没有促使人们去研读其最初的文本，该文本如今仍鲜有人读且已绝版。通过采用历史视角，本文认为这种脱节的一种解释可能在于1959年另一个更著名的事件：C.P.斯诺关于《两种文化》的里德讲座。《两种文化》的道德观源自早期的一种思潮，在这种思潮中人文主义和科学价值观共处于一种文化之中。虽然《两种文化》的综合风格阻碍了它的读者群，但本文的结论是，重拾人文社会科学能够促进动物研究改进这一观念是有价值的。
