a Department of Psychology , The George Washington University , DC , Washington , USA.
Psychol Health Med. 2019 Jan;24(1):83-93. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1492730. Epub 2018 Jul 14.
Although individuals with physical disabilities have special needs regarding preparedness for a natural or human-made disaster, little is known about the factors involved in motivating members of this population to engage in behaviors which reduce the probability of negative health outcomes. This study proposes and empirically tests an integrated theory-based model for individuals with physical disabilities in which perceived self-efficacy for emergency preparedness moderates the relationship between perceived threat and emergency preparedness behaviors. A nationwide convenience cross-sectional sample of 294 adults self-identifying as having a physical disability completed an online survey. The general linear model was used to assess the effects on preparedness of perceived threat, perceived self-efficacy, and their interaction. In addition to the hypothesized moderating effect of self-efficacy, it was found that minimal (if any) relationship exists between perceived threat and preparedness among those who reported low levels of self-efficacy. Results suggest that self-efficacy and perceived threat operate jointly to motivate individuals with physical disabilities to take precautionary steps to reduce the consequential adverse health effects of natural and human-made disasters. These findings have important implications for the design of effective interventions for individuals with disabilities.
虽然身体残疾人士在应对自然灾害或人为灾害的准备方面有特殊需求，但对于激励这一人群采取行为以降低负面健康后果的可能性的因素知之甚少。本研究提出并实证检验了一个基于理论的身体残疾个体综合模型，其中对紧急准备的自我效能感调节了感知威胁与紧急准备行为之间的关系。一项针对 294 名自我认同为身体残疾的成年人的全国性便利横断面样本完成了在线调查。使用一般线性模型评估感知威胁、感知自我效能及其相互作用对准备情况的影响。除了自我效能感的假设调节作用外，还发现那些自我效能感较低的人，感知威胁与准备之间几乎没有（如果有的话）关系。研究结果表明，自我效能感和感知威胁共同作用，激励身体残疾个体采取预防措施，以减少自然灾害和人为灾害的不利健康后果。这些发现对于为残疾人设计有效的干预措施具有重要意义。
