Bernstein Charles N, Forbes Jessica D
University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Department of Internal Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Inflamm Intest Dis. 2017 Nov;2(2):116-123. doi: 10.1159/000481401. Epub 2017 Oct 20.
Since the description of the normal human gut microbiome in healthy individuals using broad-range polymerase chain reaction, there has been great advancement in the techniques used to conduct microbiome research and applications of this research across health, gastrointestinal diseases, and nongastrointestinal diseases.
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), studies have reported gut dysbiosis meaning that the microbial composition, diversity, and richness are altered. Persons with IBD harbor on average 25% fewer microbial genes than healthy persons. Reduced diversity has been reported in both the fecal and mucosal microbiome of IBD. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are systemic diseases with immunological alterations in both intestinal and circulating compartments. As knowledge about the impact of the gut microbiome on the intestinal and systemic immune response has grown, researchers have begun exploring how the gut microbiome may impact on other systemic conditions. Considering the role of microbes especially on regulatory T cells, it was plausible that the gut microbiome may have a role in other chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. In this review, studies of the gut microbiome in other chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases are discussed including how the information can inform our understanding of the gut microbiome in IBD.
自从使用广谱聚合酶链反应对健康个体的正常人类肠道微生物群进行描述以来，用于开展微生物群研究的技术以及该研究在健康、胃肠道疾病和非胃肠道疾病中的应用都取得了巨大进展。
在炎症性肠病（IBD）中，研究报告了肠道生态失调，这意味着微生物组成、多样性和丰富度发生了改变。IBD患者的微生物基因平均比健康人少25%。IBD的粪便和黏膜微生物群均报告有多样性降低的情况。克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎是全身性疾病，在肠道和循环系统中均有免疫改变。随着对肠道微生物群对肠道和全身免疫反应影响的认识不断增加，研究人员开始探索肠道微生物群如何影响其他全身性疾病。考虑到微生物尤其是对调节性T细胞的作用，肠道微生物群可能在其他慢性免疫介导的炎症性疾病中发挥作用这一点是合理的。在本综述中，将讨论其他慢性免疫介导的炎症性疾病中肠道微生物群的研究，包括这些信息如何增进我们对IBD中肠道微生物群的理解。
