Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806, Poznań, Poland.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019 May;189(1):18-27. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1455-2. Epub 2018 Jul 31.
Lithium compounds have been widely used in psychopharmacology, particularly in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Their normothymic and neuroprotective properties when used at high doses have been well established. However, a number of observations suggest that environmentally relevant lithium doses may also exert beneficial health effects, leading to a decrease in the rate of suicides and levels of violence. Despite the fact that this element is not officially considered to be a micronutrient, some authors have suggested provisional recommended intakes set at 1000 μg/day for a 70-kg adult (14.3 μg/kg body weight). The present paper reviews the biological action of lithium, its bioavailability and metabolism, and content in different foodstuffs and water. It also assesses epidemiological data on potential correlations between lithium intake and suicide rate as well as examines the concept of fortifying food with this element as a strategy in the primary prevention of mood disorders and pre-suicidal syndrome.
锂化合物在精神药理学中得到了广泛应用，特别是在治疗双相情感障碍方面。其在高剂量下的正常情绪和神经保护作用已得到充分证实。然而，许多观察结果表明，环境相关的锂剂量也可能产生有益的健康影响，从而降低自杀率和暴力水平。尽管事实上，这种元素尚未被正式认为是一种必需微量元素，但一些作者建议为 70 公斤的成年人设定临时推荐摄入量为 1000μg/天（14.3μg/公斤体重）。本文综述了锂的生物学作用、生物利用度和代谢，以及不同食物和水中的含量。它还评估了锂摄入量与自杀率之间潜在相关性的流行病学数据，并探讨了用这种元素强化食物作为预防情绪障碍和自杀前综合征的主要策略的概念。
