BioNet: A Python interface to NEURON for modeling large-scale networks.

There is a significant interest in the neuroscience community in the development of large-scale network models that would integrate diverse sets of experimental data to help elucidate mechanisms underlying neuronal activity and computations. Although powerful numerical simulators (e.g., NEURON, NEST) exist, data-driven large-scale modeling remains challenging due to difficulties involved in setting up and running network simulations. We developed a high-level application programming interface (API) in Python that facilitates building large-scale biophysically detailed networks and simulating them with NEURON on parallel computer architecture. This tool, termed "BioNet", is designed to support a modular workflow whereby the description of a constructed model is saved as files that could be subsequently loaded for further refinement and/or simulation. The API supports both NEURON's built-in as well as user-defined models of cells and synapses. It is capable of simulating a variety of observables directly supported by NEURON (e.g., spikes, membrane voltage, intracellular [Ca++]), as well as plugging in modules for computing additional observables (e.g. extracellular potential). The high-level API platform obviates the time-consuming development of custom code for implementing individual models, and enables easy model sharing via standardized files. This tool will help refocus neuroscientists on addressing outstanding scientific questions rather than developing narrow-purpose modeling code.