1Nutritional Epidemiology Unit,Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University,711 Washington Street,9th Floor,Boston,MA 02111,USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2018 Nov;21(16):2998-3010. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018001854. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
Dietary protein plays a role in counteracting age-related muscle loss. However, limited long-term data exist on protein intake and markers of cardiometabolic health, which tend to deteriorate with age.
Prospective cohort study. FFQ-derived protein intake (g/d) and cardiometabolic markers were assessed up to five times across 20 years. Markers included systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, circulating lipids (total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; TAG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fasting glucose (FG), weight and waist circumference (WC). Mixed models accounting for repeated measures were used to estimate adjusted mean annualized changes in outcomes per quartile category of protein.
Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, USA.
Participants (n 3066) with 12 333 unique observations, baseline (mean (sd)) age=54·0 (9·7) years, BMI=27·4 (4·9) kg/m2, 53·5 % female.
In fully adjusted models, there were favourable associations (mean (se)) of total protein with annualized changes in SBP (lowest v. highest intake: 0·34 (0·06) v. 0·04 (0·06) mmHg, P trend=0·001) and eGFR (-1·03 (0·06) v. -0·87 (0·05) ml/min per 1·73 m2, P trend=0·046), unfavourable associations with changes in FG (0·013 (0·004) v. 0·028 (0·004) mmol/l, P trend=0·004) and no associations with weight, WC, DBP or lipids. Animal protein was favourably associated with SBP and unfavourably with FG and WC; plant protein was favourably associated with FG and WC.
The present study provides evidence that protein intake may influence changes in cardiometabolic health independent of change in weight in healthy adults and that protein's role in cardiometabolic health may depend on the protein source.
饮食蛋白质在对抗与年龄相关的肌肉减少方面发挥作用。然而，关于蛋白质摄入量和心血管代谢健康标志物的长期数据有限，这些标志物往往随着年龄的增长而恶化。
前瞻性队列研究。使用食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估 20 年内蛋白质摄入量（g/d）和心血管代谢标志物，多达 5 次。标志物包括收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）、循环脂质（总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇；TAG）、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、空腹血糖（FG）、体重和腰围（WC）。使用混合模型来估计按蛋白质四分位类别计算的每个结局的调整平均年化变化。
美国弗雷明汉心脏研究后代队列。
3066 名参与者，共有 12333 个独特观察值，基线（平均值（标准差））年龄=54.0（9.7）岁，BMI=27.4（4.9）kg/m2，53.5%为女性。
在完全调整模型中，总蛋白与 SBP 的年化变化呈有利关联（最低与最高摄入量：0.34（0.06）比 0.04（0.06）mmHg，P 趋势=0.001）和 eGFR（-1.03（0.06）比-0.87（0.05）ml/min/1.73 m2，P 趋势=0.046），与 FG 的变化呈不利关联（0.013（0.004）比 0.028（0.004）mmol/L，P 趋势=0.004），与体重、WC、DBP 或脂质无关联。动物蛋白与 SBP 呈有利关联，与 FG 和 WC 呈不利关联；植物蛋白与 FG 和 WC 呈有利关联。
本研究提供了证据表明，在健康成年人中，蛋白质摄入量可能会影响心血管代谢健康的变化，而与体重的变化无关，并且蛋白质在心血管代谢健康中的作用可能取决于蛋白质来源。
