School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2018 Nov 1;17(11):1534-1552. doi: 10.1039/c8pp00271a. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively studied within biomedicine due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. In particular, AuNPs have been widely used to deliver photosensitiser agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. Here we review the state-of-the-art for the functionalisation of the gold nanoparticle surface with both photosensitisers and targeting ligands for the active targeting of cancer cell surface receptors. From the initial use of the AuNPs as a simple carrier of the photosensitiser for PDT, the field has significantly advanced to include: the use of PEGylated modification to provide aqueous compatibility and stealth properties for in vivo use; gold metal-surface enhanced singlet oxygen generation; functionalisation of the AuNP surface with biological ligands to specifically target over-expressed receptors on the surface of cancer cells and; the creation of nanorods and nanostars to enable combined PDT and photothermal therapies. These versatile AuNPs have significantly enhanced the efficacy of traditional photosensitisers for both in vitro and in vivo cancer therapy. From this review it is apparent that AuNPs have an important future in the treatment of cancer.
金纳米粒子（AuNPs）由于其生物相容性和低毒性，在生物医学领域得到了广泛的研究。特别是，AuNPs 已被广泛用于递送光动力治疗（PDT）癌症的光敏剂。在这里，我们回顾了用光敏剂和靶向配体对金纳米粒子表面进行功能化的最新进展，以实现对癌细胞表面受体的主动靶向。从最初将 AuNPs 用作 PDT 光敏剂的简单载体，该领域已经取得了显著进展，包括：使用聚乙二醇化修饰提供用于体内使用的亲水性和隐身性；金金属表面增强单线态氧生成；用生物配体对 AuNP 表面进行功能化，以特异性靶向癌细胞表面过表达的受体；以及制造纳米棒和纳米星，以实现 PDT 和光热联合治疗。这些多功能的 AuNPs 显著提高了传统光敏剂在体外和体内癌症治疗中的疗效。从这篇综述中可以明显看出，AuNPs 在癌症治疗中有重要的应用前景。
