Department of Psychology.
University of California.
Emotion. 2019 Aug;19(5):788-798. doi: 10.1037/emo0000484. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
We present evidence for the affective realism hypothesis, that incidental affect is a key ingredient in an individual's experience of the world. In three studies, we used an interocular suppression technique (continuous flash suppression [CFS]) to present smiling, scowling, or neutral faces suppressed from conscious visual awareness while consciously perceived neutral faces were presented at three different timing intervals: 150 ms before, 150 ms after, and concurrent with the suppressed affective faces (Studies 1 and 3) or at timing intervals of 100 ms (Study 2). Results for all three studies revealed that consciously perceived neutral faces were experienced significantly more positively (e.g., as more trustworthy) when concurrently paired with suppressed smiling faces than when concurrently paired with suppressed scowling faces; there was no effect of suppressed affective faces on first impressions in the other timing conditions. This pattern of results is consistent with the affective realism hypothesis but inconsistent with both affective misattribution and affective priming interpretations. Incidental affect must be meaningfully contiguous in time with the target stimulus to be experienced as a property of the target. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
我们提出了情感现实假说的证据，即偶然情感是个体体验世界的关键因素。在三项研究中，我们使用了眼间抑制技术（连续闪光抑制[CFS]），在有意识地感知中性面孔的同时，将微笑、皱眉或中性面孔从有意识的视觉意识中抑制出来，而有意识地感知中性面孔则以三种不同的时间间隔呈现：在抑制的情感面孔之前 150 毫秒、之后 150 毫秒和同时呈现（研究 1 和 3）或在 100 毫秒的时间间隔呈现（研究 2）。所有三项研究的结果都表明，当与抑制的微笑面孔同时呈现时，有意识地感知到的中性面孔被体验为明显更积极（例如，更值得信赖），而当与抑制的皱眉面孔同时呈现时则没有这种效果；在其他时间条件下，抑制的情感面孔对第一印象没有影响。这种结果模式与情感现实假说一致，但与情感归因和情感启动解释不一致。偶然情感必须与目标刺激在时间上有意义地连续，才能被体验为目标的属性。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
