Anderson Eric, Siegel Erika H, Barrett Lisa Feldman
Northeastern University.
J Exp Soc Psychol. 2011 Jul;47(4):856-860. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.009.
It seems obvious that what you see influences what you feel, but what if the opposite were also true? What if how you feel can shape your visual experience? In this experiment, we demonstrate that the affective state of a perceiver influences the contents of visual awareness. Participants received positive, negative, and neutral affect inductions and then completed a series of binocular rivalry trials in which a face (smiling, scowling or neutral) was presented to one eye and a house to the other. The percepts "competed" for dominance in visual consciousness. We found, as predicted, that all faces (smiling, scowling, and neutral) were dominant for longer when perceivers experienced unpleasant affect compared to when they were in a neutral state (a social vigilance effect), although scowling faces increased their dominance when perceivers felt unpleasant (a relative negative congruence effect). Relatively speaking, smiling faces increased their dominance more when perceivers were experiencing pleasant affect (a positive congruence effect). These findings illustrate that the affective state of a perceiver serves as a context that influences the contents of consciousness.
显而易见，你所看到的会影响你的感受，但如果反过来也成立呢？要是你的感受能够塑造你的视觉体验又会怎样？在本实验中，我们证明了感知者的情感状态会影响视觉意识的内容。参与者接受了积极、消极和中性情感诱导，然后完成了一系列双眼竞争试验，其中向一只眼睛呈现一张脸（微笑、皱眉或中性表情），向另一只眼睛呈现一座房子。两种感知在视觉意识中“争夺”主导地位。正如预期的那样，我们发现，与处于中性状态时相比，当感知者体验到不愉快的情感时，所有的脸（微笑、皱眉和中性表情）占据主导地位的时间更长（一种社会警惕效应），不过当感知者感到不愉快时，皱眉的脸会增加其主导地位（一种相对负面一致性效应）。相对而言，当感知者体验到愉快的情感时，微笑的脸会更显著地增加其主导地位（一种积极一致性效应）。这些发现表明，感知者的情感状态作为一种背景，会影响意识的内容。
