Owczarczyk-Saczonek Agnieszka, Krajewska-Włodarczyk Magdalena, Kruszewska Anna, Banasiak Łukasz, Placek Waldemar, Maksymowicz Wojciech, Wojtkiewicz Joanna
Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Rheumatology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Stem Cells Int. 2018 Aug 5;2018:1049641. doi: 10.1155/2018/1049641. eCollection 2018.
Alopecia is caused by a variety of factors which affect the hair cycle and decrease stem cell activity and hair follicle regeneration capability. This process causes lower self-acceptance, which may result in depression and anxiety. However, an early onset of androgenic alopecia is associated with an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of the cardiac ischaemic disease. The ubiquity of alopecia provides an encouragement to seek new, more effective therapies aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neoregeneration. We know that stem cells can be used to regenerate hair in several therapeutic strategies: reversing the pathological mechanisms which contribute to hair loss, regeneration of complete hair follicles from their parts, and neogenesis of hair follicles from a stem cell culture with isolated cells or tissue engineering. Hair transplant has become a conventional treatment technique in androgenic alopecia (micrografts). Although an autologous transplant is regarded as the gold standard, its usability is limited, because of both a limited amount of material and a reduced viability of cells obtained in this way. The new therapeutic options are adipose-derived stem cells and stem cells from Wharton's jelly. They seem an ideal cell population for use in regenerative medicine because of the absence of immunogenic properties and their ease of obtainment, multipotential character, ease of differentiating into various cell lines, and considerable potential for angiogenesis. In this article, we presented advantages and limitations of using these types of cells in alopecia treatment.
脱发由多种因素引起，这些因素会影响毛发周期，降低干细胞活性和毛囊再生能力。这一过程会导致自我接纳度降低，进而可能引发抑郁和焦虑。然而，雄激素性脱发的早期发病与代谢综合征发病率增加以及心脏缺血性疾病风险增加有关。脱发的普遍性促使人们寻求旨在促进毛囊再生和新生成的更新、更有效的治疗方法。我们知道，在几种治疗策略中可以使用干细胞来再生毛发：逆转导致脱发的病理机制、从其组成部分再生完整毛囊以及通过分离细胞的干细胞培养或组织工程使毛囊新生。毛发移植已成为雄激素性脱发（微移植）的常规治疗技术。尽管自体移植被视为金标准，但其可用性有限，这是因为材料数量有限以及通过这种方式获得的细胞活力降低。新的治疗选择是脂肪来源的干细胞和来自华通氏胶的干细胞。由于它们没有免疫原性、易于获取、具有多能性、易于分化为各种细胞系以及具有相当大的血管生成潜力，它们似乎是再生医学中理想的细胞群体。在本文中，我们阐述了在脱发治疗中使用这些类型细胞的优点和局限性。
