Chan King Yuk, Ramer Rodica
School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
Med Devices (Auckl). 2018 Aug 22;11:275-285. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S168338. eCollection 2018.
This article presents the study and simulation results of a millimeter (mm)-wave device for cancerous tissue detection. mm-Wave approach ensures cheaper equipment instead of the traditional terahertz (THz) frequency approach. A probe that could be implemented using inexpensive silicon technology is proposed, and it also permits integration of entire measuring tool for easy deployment. Skin cancer was chosen as it representŝ80% of all newly diagnosed cases and is the most common form of cancer in Australia. For an initial development and validation, due to data availability consideration in the open literature, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was used for simulations.
A probe, using high-frequency signals in the upper mm-wave frequency spectrum (90-300 GHz) to maximize the lateral resolution (mm precision) and allows the detection of tumors located at up to 0.5 mm deep in the skin, is proposed. A frequency-dependent relativity permittivity and an equivalent conductivity of skins were calculated based on the double Debye parameters. For the first time, electromagnetic (EM) models were generated and used along with a high-frequency EM simulator, ANSYS HFSS, to demonstrate the sensitivity of the concept. The following two scenarios were studied: in scenario one, a BCC layer of different thicknesses (10-3000 μm) was located on the top of the normal skin and, in scenario two, the BCC was embedded in normal skin at depths from 10 to 3000 μm. Variability using ±10% of the corresponding dielectric property was also considered.
This study showed that the reflection coefficients vs frequency could capture useful information indicating the possible presence of BCC at mm-wave frequencies. Both magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient were quantified, with two scenarios analyzed. It was found that a dual-band approach, 100-150 and 200-250 GHz, has the ability to highlight deviations from the normal skin.
本文介绍了一种用于癌组织检测的毫米波（mm）器件的研究与模拟结果。毫米波方法确保了设备成本更低，而非传统的太赫兹（THz）频率方法。提出了一种可采用廉价硅技术实现的探头，它还允许集成整个测量工具以便于部署。选择皮肤癌是因为它占所有新诊断病例的80%，并且是澳大利亚最常见的癌症形式。出于初始开发和验证的目的，考虑到公开文献中的数据可用性，使用基底细胞癌（BCC）进行模拟。
提出了一种探头，其使用毫米波高频频谱（90 - 300 GHz）中的高频信号来最大化横向分辨率（毫米精度），并能够检测位于皮肤下深度达0.5毫米处的肿瘤。基于双德拜参数计算了皮肤的频率相关相对介电常数和等效电导率。首次生成了电磁（EM）模型，并与高频电磁模拟器ANSYS HFSS一起使用，以证明该概念的敏感性。研究了以下两种情况：在第一种情况中，不同厚度（10 - 3000μm）的BCC层位于正常皮肤顶部；在第二种情况中，BCC被嵌入正常皮肤中，深度为10至3000μm。还考虑了使用相应介电特性的±10%的变异性。
本研究表明，反射系数与频率的关系能够捕获有用信息，表明在毫米波频率下可能存在BCC。对反射系数的幅度和相位都进行了量化，并分析了两种情况。结果发现，100 - 150 GHz和200 - 250 GHz的双频段方法能够突出与正常皮肤的偏差。
