Nicholas Ahmad Fariz, Hussein Mohd Zobir, Zainal Zulkarnain, Khadiran Tumirah
Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FIRM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2018 Sep 5;8(9):689. doi: 10.3390/nano8090689.
The preparation of activated carbon using palm kernel shells as the precursor (PKSAC) was successfully accomplished after the parametric optimization of the carbonization temperature, carbonization holding time, and the ratio of the activator (H₃PO₄) to the precursor. Optimization at 500 °C for 2 h of carbonization with 20% H₃PO₄ resulted in the highest surface area of the activated carbon (C20) of 1169 m² g and, with an average pore size of 27 Å. Subsequently, the preparation of shape-stabilized phase change material (SSPCM-C20) was done by the encapsulation of n-octadecane into the pores of the PKSAC, C20. The field emission scanning electron microscope images and the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms show that n-octadecane was successfully encapsulated into the pores of C20. The resulting SSPCM-C20 nano-composite shows good thermal reliability which is chemically and thermally stable and can stand up to 500 melting and freezing cycles. This research work provided a new strategy for the preparation of SSPCM material for thermal energy storage application generated from oil palm waste.
在对碳化温度、碳化保温时间以及活化剂（H₃PO₄）与前驱体的比例进行参数优化后，成功完成了以棕榈壳为前驱体制备活性炭（PKSAC）的过程。在500℃下碳化2小时并使用20%的H₃PO₄进行优化，得到了比表面积最高为1169 m²/g且平均孔径为27 Å的活性炭（C20）。随后，通过将正十八烷封装到PKSAC（C20）的孔中，制备了形状稳定的相变材料（SSPCM-C20）。场发射扫描电子显微镜图像和氮气吸附-解吸等温线表明，正十八烷已成功封装到C20的孔中。所得的SSPCM-C20纳米复合材料显示出良好的热可靠性，其化学和热稳定性良好，能够承受500次熔化和冷冻循环。这项研究工作为利用油棕废料制备用于热能存储应用的SSPCM材料提供了一种新策略。
