Development of a curated Hershberger database.

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify Hershberger bioassays for ∼3200 chemicals including those used to validate the OECD/US EPA guideline assay, US EPA's chemicals screened for endocrine activity, and the library of chemicals run in US EPA 's ToxCast in vitro assays. For 134 chemicals that met pre-defined criteria, experimental results were extracted into a database used to characterize uncertainty in results and evaluate the concordance of the Hershberger assay with other in vivo rodent studies that measure androgen-responsive endpoints. Of 25 chemicals tested in >1 Hershberger study, 28% had disagreements between studies (i.e. ≥1 positive and ≥1 negative study), and of the 65 chemicals tested in Hershberger studies and other in vivo studies with androgen-responsive endpoints, 43% indicated disagreements, though in some cases these may be explained by differences in study designs or physiology of the animal model. Ultimately, 49 chemicals were identified with reproducible androgen pathway responses confirmed in ≥2 in vivo rodent studies that could be considered reference chemicals useful for validating alternative methods.