Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Plant Physiol. 2018 Nov;178(3):1170-1186. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.00236. Epub 2018 Sep 13.
In many angiosperm plants, ()-like genes have duplicated and functionally diverged to control different reproductive traits or stages. Barley () carries several -like genes, the functions of which are not well understood. We characterized the role of HvFT3 in the vegetative and reproductive development of barley. Overexpression of accelerated the initiation of spikelet primordia and the early reproductive development of spring barley independently of the photoperiod. However, overexpression did not accelerate floral development, and inflorescences aborted under short days, suggesting that HvFT3 controls spikelet initiation but not floral development. Analysis of a nonfunctional allele supported the specific effects of this gene on spikelet initiation independent of the photoperiod. HvFT3 caused the up-regulation of the winter and spring alleles of the vernalization gene () in nonvernalized plants and was therefore dominant over the repressive effects of the vernalization pathway. Global transcriptome analysis in developing main shoot apices of the transgenic lines showed that HvFT3 modified the expression of genes involved in hormone synthesis and response, of floral homeotic genes, and of barley row-type genes (), (), and Understanding the specific functions of individual -like genes will allow modification of individual phases of preanthesis development and thereby adaptation to different environments and improved yield.
在许多被子植物中，()样基因已经复制并在功能上分化，以控制不同的生殖特征或阶段。大麦()携带几个()样基因，但其功能尚未得到很好的理解。我们对 HvFT3 在大麦营养和生殖发育中的作用进行了表征。过表达()加速了春大麦小穗原基的起始和早期生殖发育，而与光周期无关。然而，()过表达并没有加速花的发育，短日照下花序会夭折，这表明 HvFT3 控制小穗起始而不控制花的发育。对一个无功能()等位基因的分析支持了该基因对小穗起始的特定作用，而与光周期无关。HvFT3 导致非春化植物中春化基因()的冬性和春性等位基因的上调，因此该基因对春化途径的抑制作用具有显性。对转基因系发育中的主枝顶端的全转录组分析表明，HvFT3 改变了参与激素合成和反应、花同源基因以及大麦行型基因()、()和()表达的基因。了解单个()样基因的特定功能将允许对开花前发育的各个阶段进行修饰，从而适应不同的环境并提高产量。
