Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and.
Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
J Immunol. 2018 Oct 1;201(7):1827-1834. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800556.
During the past 25 y, the immune system has appeared as a key regulator of adipose tissue biology and metabolic homeostasis. In lean animals, adipose-resident leukocytes maintain an anti-inflammatory microenvironment that preserves the proper functioning of the tissue. In this review, we describe two populations of innate T cells enriched in adipose tissue, invariant NKT and γδ T cells, and how they serve overlapping and nonredundant roles in controlling adipose tissue functions. These cells interact with and expand anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages, thereby driving a metabolically beneficial tissue milieu. Surprisingly, we have found that adipose invariant NKT and γδ T cells also promote weight loss and heat production in a process called "nonshivering thermogenesis." The data surrounding these two cell types highlight their powerful ability to regulate not only other leukocytes, but also tissue-wide processes that affect an entire organism.
在过去的 25 年中，免疫系统似乎成为了脂肪组织生物学和代谢稳态的关键调节因子。在瘦素动物中，脂肪组织驻留的白细胞维持着抗炎的微环境，从而保持组织的正常功能。在这篇综述中，我们描述了在脂肪组织中富集的两种先天 T 细胞群体，即不变自然杀伤 T（invariant natural killer T，iNKT）细胞和 γδ T 细胞，以及它们如何在控制脂肪组织功能方面发挥重叠但非冗余的作用。这些细胞与抗炎性调节性 T 细胞和 M2 巨噬细胞相互作用并使其扩增，从而促进有益代谢的组织微环境。令人惊讶的是，我们发现脂肪组织中的 iNKT 和 γδ T 细胞也能促进体重减轻和产热，这一过程被称为“非颤抖性产热”。围绕这两种细胞类型的数据突出了它们强大的调节能力，不仅能调节其他白细胞，还能调节影响整个生物体的组织范围的过程。
