尼日尔城市、城郊和农村地区传统饲养的牛、绵羊和山羊中布鲁氏菌属感染的血清流行率及潜在风险因素
Seroprevalence and potential risk factors for Brucella spp. infection in traditional cattle, sheep and goats reared in urban, periurban and rural areas of Niger.
作者信息
Boukary Abdou Razac, Saegerman Claude, Abatih Emmanuel, Fretin David, Alambédji Bada Rianatou, De Deken Reginald, Harouna Halimatou Adamou, Yenikoye Alhassane, Thys Eric
机构信息
Department of Livestock promotion and Management of Natural Resources, ONG Karkara, Niamey, Niger ; Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to the Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium ; Faculty of Agronomy, University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger.
Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis applied to the Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2013 Dec 16;8(12):e83175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083175. eCollection 2013.
INTRODUCTION
In Niamey, Niger, interactions within the interface between animals, humans and the environment induce a potential risk of brucellosis transmission between animals and from animals to humans. Currently, little is known about the transmission of Brucella in this context.
RESULTS
5,192 animals from 681 herds were included in the study. Serum samples and hygroma fluids were collected. A household survey enabled to identify the risk factors for transmission of brucellosis. The true adjusted herd-level prevalence of brucellosis ranged between 11.2% and 17.2% and the true adjusted animal-population level prevalence was 1.3% (95% CI: 0.9-1.8%) based on indirect ELISA test for Brucella antibodies. Animals aged of 1-4 years were found to be more susceptible than animals less than 1 year old (Odds ratio [OR] of 2.7; 95% CI: 1.43-5.28). For cattle, the odds of brucellosis seropositivity were higher in rural compared to the periurban areas (OR of 2.8; 95% CI: 1.48-5.17) whereas for small ruminants the risk of seropositivity appeared to be higher in urban compared to periurban areas (OR of 5.5; 95% CI: 1.48-20.38). At herd level, the risk of transmission was increased by transhumance (OR of 5.4; 95% CI: 2.84-10.41), the occurrence of abortions (OR of 3.0; 95% CI: 1.40-6.41), and for herds having more than 50 animals (OR of 11.0; 95% CI: 3.75-32.46). Brucella abortus biovar 3 was isolated from the hygromas.
CONCLUSION
brucellosis in Niger is a serious problem among cattle especially in the rural areas around Niamey and among sheep in the urban areas of Niamey. The seroprevalence varies across strata and animal species with important risk factors including herd size, abortion and transhumance at herd level and age at animal population level. For effective control of brucellosis, an integrated approach seems appropriate involving all stakeholders working in public and animal health.
引言
在尼日尔尼亚美，动物、人类与环境之间的界面互动引发了动物之间以及动物向人类传播布鲁氏菌病的潜在风险。目前，关于布鲁氏菌在这种情况下的传播情况知之甚少。
结果
该研究纳入了来自681个畜群的5192只动物。采集了血清样本和皮下积液。一项家庭调查有助于确定布鲁氏菌病传播的风险因素。基于布鲁氏菌抗体的间接ELISA检测，布鲁氏菌病经调整后的畜群水平真实患病率在11.2%至17.2%之间，经调整后的动物群体水平真实患病率为1.3%（95%置信区间：0.9 - 1.8%）。发现1至四岁的动物比一岁以下的动物更易感染（优势比[OR]为2.7；95%置信区间：1.43 - 5.28）。对于牛，农村地区布鲁氏菌病血清阳性的几率高于城郊地区（OR为2.8；95%置信区间：1.48 - 5.17），而对于小反刍动物，城市地区血清阳性的风险似乎高于城郊地区（OR为5.5；95%置信区间：1.48 - 20.38）。在畜群层面，季节性迁移（OR为5.4；95%置信区间：2.84 - 10.41）、流产的发生（OR为3.0；95%置信区间：1.40 - 6.41）以及拥有超过50只动物的畜群（OR为H11.0；95%置信区间：3.75 - 32.46）会增加传播风险。从皮下积液中分离出了流产布鲁氏菌生物变种3。
结论
布鲁氏菌病在尼日尔是一个严重问题，尤其在尼亚美周边农村地区的牛群以及尼亚美城市地区的羊群中。血清阳性率因阶层和动物种类而异，重要的风险因素包括畜群层面的畜群规模、流产和季节性迁移以及动物群体层面的年龄。为有效控制布鲁氏菌病，一种综合方法似乎是合适的，涉及公共卫生和动物卫生领域的所有利益相关者共同努力。
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