Thompson Lisa M, Hengstermann Mayari, Weinstein John R, Diaz-Artiga Anaite
Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Suite 226, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Independent Consultant, Berlin, Germany.
Ecohealth. 2018 Dec;15(4):745-756. doi: 10.1007/s10393-018-1368-8. Epub 2018 Sep 18.
Household air pollution is the sixth leading risk factor for premature mortality in Guatemala. Households in Guatemala are gradually adopting liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves, but a strong tradition of woodstove use persists. We conducted a mixed-methods study of LPG stove use in peri-urban Guatemala. We used knowledge, attitudes and practices surveys with 187 LPG stove owners who also used woodstoves to identify perceptions of stove and cooking practices. Barriers to sustained use of LPG stoves were evaluated through focus groups, participant observations with stove users, and key informant interviews with community leaders. Seven themes emerged that explain household decisions to use LPG stoves: (1) The "new technology" should be framed in terms of what the "old technology" lacks, (2) income is not a predictor of gas stove acquisition but may predict sustained use, (3) men are key decision-makers but messages about LPG do not target them, (4) when stoves are viewed as "prize possessions" they may not be used, (5) collective fear about gas stoves is not based on personal experience, but on "stories we hear," (6) sustained LPG use is hampered by two major factors, seasonally available wood and LPG retailers who are perceived as dishonest, and (7) wood fuel collection is a time to enjoy the company of friends and family and is not "drudgery." National policies should promote the use of clean cookstove technologies in peri-urban and rapidly urbanizing areas in Guatemala where LPG stoves are in use, but used intermittently, instead of the current plan to install 100,000 "improved" woodstoves by 2032. This could be done by improving dependable cylinder distribution services, targeting gas safety and promoting positive health messages that appeal to men, as well as women.
家庭空气污染是危地马拉过早死亡的第六大主要风险因素。危地马拉的家庭正在逐渐采用液化石油气（LPG）炉灶，但使用木柴炉灶的传统仍然根深蒂固。我们对危地马拉城郊地区使用LPG炉灶的情况进行了一项混合方法研究。我们对187名既使用LPG炉灶又使用木柴炉灶的LPG炉灶用户进行了知识、态度和实践调查，以确定他们对炉灶和烹饪习惯的看法。通过焦点小组、对炉灶用户的参与观察以及与社区领袖的关键信息访谈，评估了持续使用LPG炉灶的障碍。出现了七个主题来解释家庭使用LPG炉灶的决定：（1）“新技术”应以“旧技术”所缺乏的方面来界定；（2）收入不是购买燃气炉灶的预测因素，但可能预测持续使用情况；（3）男性是关键决策者，但关于LPG的信息并未针对他们；（4）当炉灶被视为“珍贵物品”时，可能不会被使用；（5）对燃气炉灶的集体恐惧并非基于个人经验，而是基于“我们听到的故事”；（6）LPG持续使用受到两个主要因素的阻碍，季节性可得的木材以及被认为不诚实的LPG零售商；（7）收集木柴燃料是与朋友和家人共度时光的时刻，并非“苦差事”。国家政策应促进在危地马拉城郊和快速城市化地区使用清洁炉灶技术，这些地区正在使用LPG炉灶，但使用不连续，而不是目前到2032年安装10万个“改良”木柴炉灶的计划。这可以通过改善可靠的气瓶配送服务、针对燃气安全并推广吸引男性和女性的积极健康信息来实现。
