Adler Lenard A, Faraone Stephen V, Sarocco Phillip, Atkins Norman, Khachatryan Alexandra
Departments of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York City, New York.
Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
Int J Clin Pract. 2019 Jan;73(1):e13260. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13260. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
To estimate Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) Symptom Checklist normative total scores among the US adult general population and to evaluate overall attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom burden among US adults with ADHD.
Prior 2012 and 2013 US National Health and Wellness Survey respondents were re-contacted. Demographics, comorbidities, and ASRS-v1.1 data were collected. ASRS-v1.1 scores were compared by sex, age, ADHD diagnosis, and ADHD medication use. Group differences were evaluated using chi-square tests and independent samples t-tests for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
Of 22 397 respondents, 465 self-reported being diagnosed with ADHD by a physician; of these, 174 self-reported using ADHD medication. The mean ASRS-v1.1 total score was 2.0 (SD = 3.2); scores differed by age and sex (all, P < 0.001). ADHD (vs no ADHD) was associated with depression (58.1% vs 18.0%), anxiety (53.1% vs 16.0%), and sleep difficulties (37.0% vs 14.0%) (all, P < 0.001). ADHD medication use (vs no use) was associated with depression (68.4% vs 51.9%), anxiety (67.2% vs 44.7%), panic disorder (25.9% vs 17.2%), and insomnia (27.6% vs 19.6%) (all, P < 0.05). ADHD (vs no ADHD) respondents scored higher on all 18 ASRS-v1.1 items (all, P < 0.05). Medication users (vs non-users) scored higher on six items (all, P < 0.05).
Adult ADHD may be undertreated or sub-optimally treated, despite a high symptom burden. Normative data will allow comparisons with individuals' scores to support the assessment of ADHD symptom burden among adults.
Findings highlight the importance of assessing ADHD symptom burden, especially among adults presenting with comorbidities.
评估美国成年普通人群中成人注意力缺陷多动障碍自陈量表（ASRS-v1.1）症状清单的标准化总分，并评估美国患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年人的总体ADHD症状负担。
重新联系2012年和2013年美国国家健康与 Wellness 调查的先前受访者。收集人口统计学、合并症和ASRS-v1.1数据。通过性别、年龄、ADHD诊断和ADHD药物使用情况比较ASRS-v1.1得分。分别使用卡方检验和独立样本t检验评估分类变量和连续变量的组间差异。
在22397名受访者中，465人自述被医生诊断患有ADHD；其中，174人自述使用ADHD药物。ASRS-v1.1总分的平均值为2.0（标准差=3.2）；得分因年龄和性别而异（均P<0.001）。ADHD（与无ADHD相比）与抑郁症（58.1%对18.0%）、焦虑症（53.1%对16.0%）和睡眠困难（37.0%对14.0%）相关（均P<0.001）。使用ADHD药物（与未使用相比）与抑郁症（68.4%对51.9%）、焦虑症（67.2%对44.7%）、惊恐障碍（25.9%对17.2%）和失眠（27.6%对19.6%）相关（均P<0.05）。ADHD（与无ADHD相比）的受访者在ASRS-v1.1的所有18个项目上得分更高（均P<0.05）。药物使用者（与非使用者相比）在六个项目上得分更高（均P<0.05）。
尽管症状负担较高，但成人ADHD可能治疗不足或治疗效果欠佳。标准化数据将有助于与个体得分进行比较，以支持对成人ADHD症状负担的评估。
研究结果凸显了评估ADHD症状负担的重要性，尤其是在患有合并症的成年人中。
