Marbaniang Casterland, Kma Lakhan
Department of Biochemistry, Cancer and Radiation Countermeasures Unit,North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India. Email:
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018 Sep 26;19(9):2377-2390. doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.9.2377.
Cancers are complex diseases having several unique features, commonly described as ‘hallmarks of cancer’. Among them, altered signaling pathways are the common characteristic features that drive cancer progression; this is achieved due to mutations that lead to the activation of growth promoting(s) oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressors. As a result of which, cancer cells increase their glycolytic rate by consuming a large amount of glucose, and convert a majority of glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen known as the “Warburg effect”. Tumor cells like other cells are strictly dependent on energy for growth and survival; therefore, understanding energy metabolism will give us an idea to develop new effective anti-cancer therapies that target cancer energy production pathways. This review summarizes the roles of tumor suppressors and oncogenes and their products that provide metabolic advantages to cancer cells which in turn leads to the establishment of the “Warburg effect” and ultimately leads to cancer progression. Understanding cancer cell’s vulnerability will provide potential targets for its control.
癌症是具有若干独特特征的复杂疾病，通常被描述为“癌症的标志”。其中，信号通路改变是驱动癌症进展的共同特征；这是由于导致促生长癌基因激活和肿瘤抑制因子失活的突变所致。因此，癌细胞通过消耗大量葡萄糖来提高其糖酵解速率，即使在有氧的情况下也会将大部分葡萄糖转化为乳酸，这被称为“瓦伯格效应”。肿瘤细胞与其他细胞一样，严格依赖能量来生长和存活；因此，了解能量代谢将有助于我们开发针对癌症能量产生途径的新型有效抗癌疗法。本综述总结了肿瘤抑制因子和癌基因及其产物的作用，它们为癌细胞提供了代谢优势，进而导致“瓦伯格效应”的建立，并最终导致癌症进展。了解癌细胞的脆弱性将为其控制提供潜在靶点。
