Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2019 Apr 1;48(7):2053-2108. doi: 10.1039/c8cs00618k.
The nonradiative conversion of light energy into heat (photothermal therapy, PTT) or sound energy (photoacoustic imaging, PAI) has been intensively investigated for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, respectively. By taking advantage of nanocarriers, both imaging and therapeutic functions together with enhanced tumour accumulation have been thoroughly studied to improve the pre-clinical efficiency of PAI and PTT. In this review, we first summarize the development of inorganic and organic nano photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) and strategies for improving the PTT outcomes, including applying appropriate laser dosage, guiding the treatment via imaging techniques, developing PTAs with absorption in the second NIR window, increasing photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), and also increasing the accumulation of PTAs in tumours. Second, we introduce the advantages of combining PTT with other therapies in cancer treatment. Third, the emerging applications of PAI in cancer-related research are exemplified. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of PTT and PAI for combating cancer, especially regarding their clinical translation, are discussed. We believe that PTT and PAI having noteworthy features would become promising next-generation non-invasive cancer theranostic techniques and improve our ability to combat cancers.
光能向热能（光热疗法，PTT）或声能（光声成像，PAI）的非辐射转换分别被深入研究用于癌症的治疗和诊断。通过利用纳米载体，同时进行成像和治疗功能以及增强肿瘤积累，已经进行了深入研究，以提高 PAI 和 PTT 的临床前效率。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了无机和有机纳米光热转导剂（PTAs）的发展和改善 PTT 效果的策略，包括应用适当的激光剂量、通过成像技术指导治疗、开发在第二近红外窗口具有吸收的 PTA、提高光热转换效率（PCE），并增加 PTA 在肿瘤中的积累。其次，我们介绍了将 PTT 与癌症治疗中的其他疗法相结合的优势。第三，举例说明了 PAI 在癌症相关研究中的新兴应用。最后，讨论了 PTT 和 PAI 用于癌症治疗的观点和挑战，特别是关于它们的临床转化。我们相信，具有显著特点的 PTT 和 PAI 将成为有前途的下一代非侵入性癌症治疗诊断技术，并提高我们对抗癌症的能力。
