Bender Scott, Bergman David, Vos Adrian, Martin Ashlee, Chipman Richard
Navajo Nation Veterinary Program, PO Box 2204, Chinle, AZ 86503, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 8836 N 23rd Avenue, Suite 2, Phoenix, AZ 85021, USA.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2017 Jun 15;2(2):17. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed2020017.
Mass parenteral vaccination remains the cornerstone of dog rabies control. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) could increase vaccination coverage where free-roaming dogs represent a sizeable segment of the population at risk. ORV's success is dependent on the acceptance of baits that release an efficacious vaccine into the oral cavity. A new egg-flavored bait was tested alongside boiled bovine intestine and a commercially available fishmeal bait using a hand-out model on the Navajo Nation, United States, during June 2016. A PVC capsule and biodegradable sachet were tested, and had no effect on bait acceptance. The intestine baits had the highest acceptance (91.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 83.9%⁻96.7%), but the fishmeal (81.1%; 95% CI, 71.5%⁻88.6%) and the egg-flavored baits (77.4%; 95% CI, 72.4%⁻81.8%) were also well accepted, suggesting that local bait preference studies may be warranted to enhance ORV's success in other areas where canine rabies is being managed. Based on a dyed water marker, the delivery of a placebo vaccine was best in the intestine baits (75.4%; 95% CI, 63.5%⁻84.9%), followed by the egg-flavored (68.0%; 95% CI, 62.4%⁻73.2%) and fishmeal (54.3%; 95% CI, 42.9%⁻65.4%) baits. Acceptance was not influenced by the supervision or ownership, or sex, age, and body condition of the dogs. This study illustrates that a portion of a dog population may be orally vaccinated as a complement to parenteral vaccination to achieve the immune thresholds required to eliminate dog rabies.
大规模注射疫苗仍然是控制犬类狂犬病的基石。口服狂犬病疫苗（ORV）可以提高疫苗接种覆盖率，在自由放养犬类占相当大比例的高危人群中发挥作用。ORV的成功取决于诱饵的接受程度，这些诱饵能将有效的疫苗释放到口腔中。2016年6月，在美国纳瓦霍族地区，使用分发模型对一种新的鸡蛋味诱饵与煮熟的牛肠和市售鱼粉诱饵进行了测试。对聚氯乙烯胶囊和可生物降解的香囊进行了测试，它们对诱饵接受度没有影响。牛肠诱饵的接受度最高（91.9%；95%置信区间（CI），83.9%⁻96.7%），但鱼粉诱饵（81.1%；95%CI，71.5%⁻88.6%）和鸡蛋味诱饵（77.4%；95%CI，72.4%⁻81.8%）也被广泛接受，这表明可能需要进行当地诱饵偏好研究，以提高ORV在其他管理犬类狂犬病地区的成功率。基于一种染色水标记物，安慰剂疫苗在牛肠诱饵中的递送效果最佳（75.4%；95%CI，63.5%⁻84.9%），其次是鸡蛋味诱饵（68.0%；95%CI，62.4%⁻73.2%）和鱼粉诱饵（54.3%；95%CI，42.9%⁻65.4%）。接受度不受狗的监管或所有权、性别、年龄和身体状况的影响。这项研究表明，一部分犬类可以通过口服疫苗作为注射疫苗的补充，以达到消除犬类狂犬病所需的免疫阈值。
