University of Reunion Island, UMR PVBMT-Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France.
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2018 Oct 10;7(1):168. doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0169-z.
Faced with the crisis of multidrug-resistant bacteria, bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria, have been reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects with respect to disease management. Bacteriophages (phages) have important ecological and evolutionary impacts on their bacterial hosts and have been associated with therapeutic use to kill bacterial pathogens, but can lead to the transmission of antibiotic resistance. Although the process known as transduction has been reported for many bacterial species by classic and modern genetic approaches, its contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance in nature remains unclear. In addition, detailed molecular studies have identified phages residing in bacterial genomes, revealing unexpected interactions between phages and their bacterial hosts. Importantly, antibiotics can induce the production of phages and phage-encoded products, disseminating these viruses and virulence-related genes, which have dangerous consequences for disease severity. These unwanted side-effects of antibiotics cast doubt on the suitability of some antimicrobial treatments and may require new strategies to prevent and limit the selection for virulence. Foremost among these treatments is phage therapy, which could be used to treat many bacterial infectious diseases and confront the pressing problem of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. This review discusses the interactions between bacteriophages, antibiotics, and bacteria and provides an integrated perspective that aims to inspire the development of successful antibacterial therapies.
面对耐药菌的危机，噬菌体能感染和复制细菌，它们在疾病管理方面被报道既有有益的影响，也有有害的影响。噬菌体（phages）对其细菌宿主具有重要的生态和进化影响，并已被用于杀死细菌病原体的治疗用途，但也可能导致抗生素耐药性的传播。尽管经典和现代遗传方法已经报道了许多细菌物种的转导过程，但它对自然界中抗生素耐药性传播的贡献仍不清楚。此外，详细的分子研究已经确定了驻留在细菌基因组中的噬菌体，揭示了噬菌体与其细菌宿主之间出乎意料的相互作用。重要的是，抗生素可以诱导噬菌体的产生和噬菌体编码产物的传播，这些病毒和毒力相关基因的传播对疾病严重程度有危险的后果。抗生素的这些不良副作用使得一些抗菌治疗方法的适用性受到质疑，可能需要新的策略来预防和限制毒力的选择。其中最主要的治疗方法是噬菌体疗法，它可用于治疗许多细菌感染性疾病，并应对致病菌中抗生素耐药性的紧迫问题。这篇综述讨论了噬菌体、抗生素和细菌之间的相互作用，并提供了一个综合的视角，旨在激发成功的抗菌治疗方法的发展。
