Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med. 2019 Mar;11(2):e1439. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1439. Epub 2018 Oct 17.
Circadian rhythms are endogenous ~24-hr oscillations usually entrained to daily environmental cycles of light/dark. Many biological processes and physiological functions including mammalian body temperature, the cell cycle, sleep/wake cycles, neurobehavioral performance, and a wide range of diseases including metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disorders are impacted by these rhythms. Circadian clocks are present within individual cells and at tissue and organismal levels as emergent properties from the interaction of cellular oscillators. Mathematical models of circadian rhythms have been proposed to provide a better understanding of and to predict aspects of this complex physiological system. These models can be used to: (a) manipulate the system in silico with specificity that cannot be easily achieved using in vivo and in vitro experimental methods and at lower cost, (b) resolve apparently contradictory empirical results, (c) generate hypotheses, (d) design new experiments, and (e) to design interventions for altering circadian rhythms. Mathematical models differ in structure, the underlying assumptions, the number of parameters and variables, and constraints on variables. Models representing circadian rhythms at different physiologic scales and in different species are reviewed to promote understanding of these models and facilitate their use. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
昼夜节律是内源性的约 24 小时波动，通常与光/暗的日常环境周期同步。许多生物过程和生理功能，包括哺乳动物体温、细胞周期、睡眠/觉醒周期、神经行为表现以及广泛的疾病，包括代谢、心血管和精神障碍，都受到这些节律的影响。昼夜节律钟存在于单个细胞以及组织和机体水平，是细胞振荡器相互作用产生的新兴特性。昼夜节律的数学模型已经被提出，以提供对这个复杂生理系统的更好理解和预测。这些模型可以用于：（a）使用体内和体外实验方法无法轻易实现的特异性在计算机上操纵系统，并且成本更低，（b）解决明显矛盾的经验结果，（c）生成假设，（d）设计新的实验，以及（e）设计干预措施以改变昼夜节律。数学模型在结构、基础假设、参数和变量的数量以及变量的约束方面有所不同。综述了在不同生理尺度和不同物种中代表昼夜节律的模型，以促进对这些模型的理解并促进其使用。本文属于以下类别：生理学>健康和疾病中的哺乳动物生理学>系统属性和过程的模型>器官、组织和生理模型。
