Rony L, Lancigu R, Hubert L
Groupe Études Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux (GEROM), LabCom NextBone, SFR 42 08, université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, IRIS-IBS institut de biologie en santé, 49933 Angers cedex, France; Département de chirurgie osseuse, CHU d'Angers, 49033 Angers cedex, France.
Département de chirurgie osseuse, CHU d'Angers, 49033 Angers cedex, France.
Morphologie. 2018 Dec;102(339):231-242. doi: 10.1016/j.morpho.2018.09.003. Epub 2018 Oct 19.
Metal implants are biomaterials widely used in orthopedics. They are both used in osteosynthesis and arthroplasty. Their mechanical properties, biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion make them a widely used option in orthopedics. Alloys are the most commonly used metals in orthopedics. As far as physical traumas are concerned, implants such as screws, plates and/or nails are used for osteosynthesis as they ensure the stability of the fractured area and contribute to bone healing. Prostheses are used in arthroplasty to restore joint function for as long as possible. Contact between bone and the prosthesis induces bone remodeling at the interface between metal and bone even if the metal is recognized as biocompatible. Upon time, the interface between the metal implant and the bony tissue is continuously modified and adapted. Hip prosthesis is a typical example of intraosseous metal implant whose bone/implant interface has been extensively studied. Metal can be altered in vivo by different mechanisms including corrosion and fretting. An altered torque friction leads to wear debris that accumulate in the peri-prosthetic tissues causing metallosis.
金属植入物是骨科广泛使用的生物材料。它们既用于骨固定，也用于关节成形术。其机械性能、生物相容性和抗腐蚀性使其成为骨科广泛使用的选择。合金是骨科最常用的金属。就物理创伤而言，螺钉、钢板和/或钉子等植入物用于骨固定，因为它们能确保骨折部位的稳定性并促进骨愈合。假体用于关节成形术，以尽可能长时间地恢复关节功能。即使金属被认为具有生物相容性，骨与假体之间的接触也会在金属与骨的界面处引发骨重塑。随着时间的推移，金属植入物与骨组织之间的界面会不断改变和适应。髋关节假体是骨内金属植入物的典型例子，其骨/植入物界面已得到广泛研究。金属在体内可通过包括腐蚀和微动磨损在内的不同机制发生改变。扭矩摩擦改变会导致磨损碎屑在假体周围组织中积聚，从而引起金属沉着病。
