Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT Millennium, School of Sport and Recreation, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Apr;34(4):1113-1122. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002914.
Uthoff, A, Oliver, J, Cronin, J, Harrison, C, and Winwood, P. Sprint-specific training in youth: Backward running vs. forward running training on speed and power measures in adolescent male athletes. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1113-1122, 2020-This study compared the effects of 2 sprint-specific training programs against the natural development of speed, power, and stiffness in a group of adolescent male athletes. Forty-three male adolescents (aged 13-15 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 training groups; backward running training (BRT = 26), or forward running training (FRT = 17). A physical education class (n = 24) of similar age constituted a control (CON) group. Both training groups performed running sessions matched for distance and intensity biweekly for 8 weeks. Parametric and magnitude-based inferences were used to analyze within group (pre-post measures) and between group (gain scores) for 10-m, 10- to 20-m, and 20-m sprint times, vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and vertical leg stiffness. Both running groups significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05) in all performance tests from pre-training to post-training, with effect sizes ranging from -1.25 to 0.63. When the groups were compared, the BRT and FRT groups improved significantly (p ≤ 0.01) on all sprint performances and stiffness relative to the CON group. The BRT group demonstrated favorable effects for 10-m and 20-m sprint performances (effect size [ES] = -0.47 and -0.26, respectively) and CMJ height (ES = 0.51) compared with the FRT group. These results demonstrate that forward and backward sprint-specific training programs enhance speed and power measures more than natural development in adolescent male athletes. Furthermore, the greater training responses in sprint performance and CMJ ability indicate that BRT is a useful tool for improving concentric strength and power and may be classified as a sprint-specific training method.
乌索夫、奥利弗、克罗宁、哈里森和温伍德。青少年短跑专项训练：后向跑与前向跑训练对青少年男性运动员速度和力量的影响。《力量与 Conditioning 研究》34（4）：1113-1122，2020-本研究比较了两种短跑专项训练方案对一组青少年男性运动员速度、力量和僵硬度自然发展的影响。43 名 13-15 岁的男性青少年被随机分配到 2 个训练组之一；后向跑训练（BRT=26）或前向跑训练（FRT=17）。一个年龄相似的体育课（n=24）构成对照组（CON）。两组训练者均每两周进行一次距离和强度匹配的跑步训练，持续 8 周。使用参数和基于幅度的推断来分析组内（前后测量）和组间（增益得分）的 10m、10-20m 和 20m 冲刺时间、垂直纵跳（CMJ）高度和垂直腿部刚度。两个跑步组在所有测试中都有显著提高（p≤0.05），从训练前到训练后，效果大小从-1.25 到 0.63 不等。当比较两组时，BRT 和 FRT 组在与 CON 组相比，所有短跑表现和刚度都有显著提高（p≤0.01）。BRT 组在 10m 和 20m 冲刺表现（效果大小[ES]分别为-0.47 和-0.26）和 CMJ 高度（ES=0.51）方面表现出较好的效果，与 FRT 组相比。这些结果表明，前向和后向短跑专项训练方案比青少年男性运动员的自然发展更能提高速度和力量。此外，在冲刺表现和 CMJ 能力方面更大的训练反应表明，BRT 是提高向心力量和功率的有效工具，可被归类为短跑专项训练方法。
