a Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.
b Department of Sport Science & Kinesiology , University of Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Jun;19(5):567-575. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1535626. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
This study examined the influence of physical exercise on the relation between shooting accuracy and the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the shot is fired. Thirteen experienced biathletes (8 females, mean age 17 years) fired from the standing position at rest and right after a submaximal exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Shooting accuracy and the timing of each shot relative to the R-waves of the electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded. Best shots (with greatest accuracy) and worst shots (with lowest accuracy) were fired prevalently in different phases of the cardiac cycle. In the rest condition, best shots were fired less frequently from 200 to 300 ms and more frequently from 500 to 600 ms after the R-wave, compared to worst shots. In the exercise condition, best shots were fired less frequently from 100 to 200 ms after the R-wave and from 20% to 30% of the R-R interval, compared to worst shots. These findings support the hypothesis that shooting accuracy is influenced by the cardiac cycle phase due to the ballistocardiac recoil generated at each heartbeat. To achieve best results athletes could be trained (e.g. through biofeedback) to fire within a specific phase of the cardiac cycle.
本研究考察了体育锻炼对射击准确性与心动周期相位之间关系的影响。13 名有经验的冬季两项运动员（8 名女性，平均年龄 17 岁）在休息和自行车测力计上进行亚极量运动后，从站立位置进行射击。记录了射击准确性和每个射击相对于心电图（ECG）R 波的时间。最佳射击（准确性最高）和最差射击（准确性最低）主要在心动周期的不同相位中进行。在休息状态下，与最差射击相比，最佳射击在 R 波后 200 至 300 毫秒之间的频率较低，而在 500 至 600 毫秒之间的频率较高。在运动状态下，与最差射击相比，最佳射击在 R 波后 100 至 200 毫秒之间以及 R-R 间隔的 20%至 30%之间的频率较低。这些发现支持了这样一种假设，即由于每次心跳产生的弹丸心脏后坐力，射击准确性受到心动周期相位的影响。为了取得最佳成绩，运动员可以通过生物反馈等方式进行训练，以便在特定的心动周期相位进行射击。
