Wadell G, Allard A, Johansson M, Svensson L, Uhnoo I
Ciba Found Symp. 1987;128:63-91. doi: 10.1002/9780470513460.ch5.
The 41 serotypes of human adenoviruses are classified into six subgenera (A-F) with different tropisms. Enteric infections are caused in children by serotypes Ad40 and Ad41 of subgenus F. Serotypes Ad40 and Ad41 transform embryonic cells but cannot induce tumours in newborn hamsters. They differ from all other (established) human adenoviruses by being unable to replicate in conventional cell cultures. Ad40 and Ad41 grow in 293 cells (human embryonic kidney cells immortalized by transfection with the E1A, E1B regions of Ad5). In spite of the difficulty of isolating Ad40 and Ad41 they can be directly identified in stools by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and solid-phase immuno-electron microscopy. The amount of viral DNA in stool preparations is sufficient for identification by DNA restriction or dot-blot analysis. Adenoviruses have been associated with 7-17% of cases of diarrhoea in children. Ad40 and Ad41 cause diarrhoea throughout the year. Clinical features are watery stools, vomiting and moderately elevated temperature; respiratory symptoms are infrequent. The diarrhoea is protracted (mean 8.6 and 12.2 days for Ad40 and Ad41 respectively). Children with rotavirus diarrhoea vomited more frequently and had a higher temperature and diarrhoea of shorter duration. The impact of enteric adenoviruses in the aetiology of diarrhoea world-wide is not known but is accessible to investigation.
41种人类腺病毒血清型被分为六个具有不同嗜性的亚属（A - F）。F亚属的Ad40和Ad41血清型可引起儿童肠道感染。Ad40和Ad41血清型可转化胚胎细胞，但不能在新生仓鼠中诱发肿瘤。它们与所有其他（已确定的）人类腺病毒不同，无法在传统细胞培养物中复制。Ad40和Ad41在293细胞（通过用Ad5的E1A、E1B区域转染而永生化的人胚肾细胞）中生长。尽管分离Ad40和Ad41存在困难，但可通过酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和固相免疫电子显微镜在粪便中直接鉴定它们。粪便制剂中的病毒DNA量足以通过DNA限制性分析或斑点印迹分析进行鉴定。腺病毒与儿童腹泻病例的7 - 17%有关。Ad40和Ad41全年均可引起腹泻。临床特征为水样便、呕吐和体温中度升高；呼吸道症状不常见。腹泻病程迁延（Ad40和Ad41分别平均为8.6天和12.2天）。轮状病毒腹泻患儿呕吐更频繁，体温更高，腹泻持续时间更短。肠道腺病毒在全球腹泻病因中的影响尚不清楚，但可进行调查。
