J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018 Nov;118(11):2162-2173. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.07.022.
It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that micronutrient supplements are warranted when requirements are not being met through the diet alone. Those with increased requirements secondary to growth, chronic disease, medication use, malabsorption, pregnancy and lactation, and aging may be at particular risk for inadequate dietary intakes. However, the routine and indiscriminate use of micronutrient supplements for the prevention of chronic disease is not recommended, given the lack of available scientific evidence. A few specific age and disease states that may benefit from micronutrient supplementation are discussed. The most common dietary supplements used by both children and adults in the United States contain micronutrients. Consumers may not be well informed about the safety and use of these products, and some may have difficulty interpreting product labels. Thus, the expertise of registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered, is needed to guide the safe and appropriate selection and use of micronutrient supplements. To accomplish this, registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered, must keep up to date on efficacy, safety, and the regulatory issues influencing the use of these products. This position paper aims to increase awareness of current issues relevant to micronutrient supplementation and of the resources available to assist registered dietitian nutritionists and nutrition and dietetic technicians, registered, in evaluating their potential benefits and adverse outcomes.
美国营养与饮食学会的立场是,当仅通过饮食无法满足营养需求时,就需要补充微量元素。由于生长、慢性疾病、药物使用、吸收不良、妊娠和哺乳以及衰老等原因导致需求增加的人群,可能特别容易出现膳食摄入不足的情况。然而,鉴于缺乏可用的科学证据,不建议常规且不加区分地使用微量元素补充剂来预防慢性病。本文讨论了一些可能受益于微量元素补充的特定年龄和疾病状态。美国儿童和成人最常使用的膳食补充剂都含有微量元素。消费者可能对这些产品的安全性和使用了解不足,有些人可能难以解读产品标签。因此,需要注册营养师和注册营养技师的专业知识来指导安全和适当的选择和使用微量元素补充剂。为了实现这一目标,注册营养师和注册营养技师必须及时了解影响这些产品使用的功效、安全性和监管问题。本立场文件旨在提高对与微量元素补充相关的当前问题的认识,并提供可帮助注册营养师和注册营养技师评估其潜在益处和不良后果的资源。