College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun 130118, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Chang Chun 130118, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Jan 30;168:415-422. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.093. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
The quality and safety of ginseng products were seriously affected due to the slow metabolism and long-term residual pesticides in ginseng. Microbial degradation is an effective method to degrade pesticide residues. In this study, ginseng endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa was used to degrade pesticide residues. A method of simultaneous determination of fluazinam, BHC, PCNB, chlorpyrifos and DDT in ginseng roots and ginseng stems and leaves by GC was established. The sample was extracted with n-hexane and purified by Florisil solid phase extraction column. The limit of quantitation was 0.01 μg mL, the linear relationship was good (r ≥ 0.9901). 7 days after inoculated with P. polymyxa, the degradation rates of fluazinam, BHC, PCNB, chlorpyrifos, and DDT in the medium were 94.77%, 70.34%, 77.92%, 78.30%, 66.70%, respectively (P < 0.05). The safety of 5 pesticide degradation products was investigated by GC-MS. The results showed that after 7 days degradation, the main degradation products were alkanes, which are non-toxic and can't cause secondary pollution to the environment. The actual degradation results were verified by field experiments. The results indicated that after sprayed 5 times with P. polymyxa, the degradation rates of fluazinam, BHC, PCNB, chlorpyrifos and DDT in the ginseng roots were 66.07%, 46.24%, 21.05%, 72.40%, 54.21%, respectively (P < 0.05). The degradation rates in ginseng stems and leaves were 74.18%, 55.61%, 73.65%, 58.13%, 46.91%, respectively (P < 0.05). The results indicated that Paenibacillus polymyxa was an effective degradation strain of 5 pesticides.
由于人参代谢缓慢和长期残留农药，人参产品的质量和安全性受到严重影响。微生物降解是降解农药残留的有效方法。本研究利用人参内生菌多粘类芽孢杆菌降解农药残留。建立了同时测定人参根和茎叶中氟酰胺、六六六、五氯硝基苯、毒死蜱和滴滴涕残留量的 GC 分析方法。样品用正己烷提取，经 Florisil 固相萃取柱净化。定量限为 0.01μg·mL，线性关系良好（r≥0.9901）。接种多粘类芽孢杆菌 7 天后，培养基中氟酰胺、六六六、五氯硝基苯、毒死蜱和滴滴涕的降解率分别为 94.77%、70.34%、77.92%、78.30%和 66.70%（P<0.05）。采用 GC-MS 对 5 种农药降解产物的安全性进行了研究。结果表明，降解 7 天后，主要降解产物为烷烃，无毒，不会对环境造成二次污染。田间试验验证了实际降解效果。结果表明，多粘类芽孢杆菌喷施 5 次后，人参根中氟酰胺、六六六、五氯硝基苯、毒死蜱和滴滴涕的降解率分别为 66.07%、46.24%、21.05%、72.40%和 54.21%（P<0.05）。茎叶中的降解率分别为 74.18%、55.61%、73.65%、58.13%和 46.91%（P<0.05）。结果表明，多粘类芽孢杆菌是 5 种农药的有效降解菌。
