Human Nutrition Graduate Course, School of Health Science, University of Brasilia, 70919-970 Brasilia, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, 70919-970 Brasilia, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 9;10(11):1714. doi: 10.3390/nu10111714.
The burden of preventable diet-related diseases is significant and becoming worse. Thus, accurately assessing food intake is crucial to guide public health policies and actions. Using food dietary recalls, we evaluated usual dietary intake according to physical activity and nutritional status in an adult urban population from Brasília, Brazil. The usual nutrient and energy intakes distributions were estimated using the Iowa State University (ISU) method. Energy and nutrient intakes were stratified by gender, age group, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity (PA). The prevalence of inadequate intake was highest for vitamins E and D. Both men and women had excessive sodium intake. The percentage of intakes below daily serving recommendations for food groups were 96% for cereals, 74% for vegetables, and 87% for dairy products, whereas percentage of intakes above daily serving recommendations were 97% for meat, 93% for pulses, and 99% for fat/oils. Energy and nutrient intakes were highest in overweight and physically active individuals within the categories of BMI and physical activity, respectively. Our study found that high-income urban Brazilians consume large quantities of meat, beans, fat/oils, and exhibit a low prevalence of nutrient inadequacies but have excessive sodium intake. Energy and nutrient intakes are highest among men, as well as overweight and physically active individuals.
预防饮食相关疾病的负担巨大且日益加重。因此，准确评估食物摄入量对于指导公共卫生政策和行动至关重要。我们使用食物膳食回忆法，根据巴西首都巴西利亚的成年城市居民的身体活动和营养状况评估了他们的日常饮食摄入情况。采用爱荷华州立大学（ISU）方法来估计常用营养素和能量的摄入量分布。按照性别、年龄组、体重指数（BMI）和身体活动（PA）对能量和营养素的摄入量进行分层。维生素 E 和维生素 D 的摄入量不足最为普遍。男性和女性的钠摄入量都过高。谷物、蔬菜和奶制品的日摄入量低于推荐量的比例分别为 96%、74%和 87%，而肉类、豆类和脂肪/油的日摄入量超过推荐量的比例分别为 97%、93%和 99%。在 BMI 和身体活动的分类中，超重和活跃的个体的能量和营养素摄入量最高。我们的研究发现，高收入的巴西城市居民消耗大量的肉类、豆类、脂肪/油，并且营养不足的情况少见，但钠摄入量过高。男性以及超重和活跃的个体的能量和营养素摄入量最高。
