Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
Proc Biol Sci. 2018 Nov 14;285(1891):20182047. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2047.
Humans have dramatically altered the planet over the course of a century, from the acidity of our oceans to the fragmentation of our landscapes and the temperature of our climate. Species find themselves in novel environments, within communities assembled from never before encountered mixtures of invasives and natives. The speed with which the biotic and abiotic environment of species has changed has already altered the evolutionary trajectory of species, a trend that promises to escalate. In this article, I reflect upon this altered course of evolution. Human activities have reshaped selection pressures, favouring individuals that better survive in our built landscapes, that avoid our hunting and fishing, and that best tolerate the species that we have introduced. Human-altered selection pressures have also modified how organisms live and move through the landscape, and even the nature of reproduction and genome structure. Humans are also shaping selection pressures at the species level, and I discuss how species traits are affecting both extinction and speciation rates in the Anthropocene.
在一个世纪的时间里，人类极大地改变了地球，从海洋的酸度到景观的破碎化，再到气候的温度。物种发现自己处于新的环境中，生活在由以前从未遇到过的入侵物种和本地物种混合而成的群落中。物种的生物和非生物环境变化的速度已经改变了物种的进化轨迹，这种趋势有望加剧。在本文中，我反思了这种进化的改变轨迹。人类活动重塑了选择压力，有利于那些在我们建造的景观中更好地生存、逃避我们的捕猎和捕捞以及更好地耐受我们引入的物种的个体。人类改变的选择压力也改变了生物在景观中的生活和移动方式，甚至改变了繁殖和基因组结构的性质。人类也在塑造物种层面的选择压力，我将讨论物种特征如何在人类世影响灭绝和物种形成的速度。
