McAdam K, Davis P, Ashmore L, Eaton D, Jakaj B, Eldridge A, Liu C
British American Tobacco, Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK.
British American Tobacco, Regents Park Road, Southampton, SO15 8TL, UK.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2019 Feb;101:156-165. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.11.006. Epub 2018 Nov 13.
There is increasing diversity of nicotine inhalation products worldwide. Next Generation Products (NGP) such as e-cigarettes, have gained mass popularity, and there is increasing use of electrical and carbon-based Tobacco-Heating Products (e-THP and c-THP respectively). Recently, emission levels from these products have been compared to conventional cigarettes (CC); however, few formal laboratory testing standards exist, and inconsistent puffing parameters have been used. We investigated the impact of how a number of NGPs, including two e-cigarettes, a carbon-heated THP, and both pulse- and continuously-heated e-THPs, are puffed on the magnitude of their emissions, examining the influence of puff profile, volume, frequency and duration, in comparison to standard CCs. Our findings demonstrated that for each NGP choice of puffing parameters has a substantial impact on the magnitude of aerosol and smoke emissions, and that significant differences exist between different types of NGP. With e-cigarettes and pulse-heated e-THPs puff duration is the most important puffing parameter influencing yields. In contrast, for CCs, c-THPs and continuously-heated e-THPs, puff volume and puff frequency were the critical parameters. For e-cigarettes, there was no significant difference in emissions between rectangular and bell-shaped profiles. Our study has also shown that these different behaviours are a result of how heat-management within different NGPs, from heat-source to the nicotine- and aerosol-releasing substrates, is a vital mechanistic factor impacting aerosol generation. These findings point the need for detailed real-world e-cigarette and THP puffing topography data in order to identify the most appropriate puffing parameters for laboratory testing; our findings will help focus these studies on the most important parameters and can thereby support the future development of robust standardised NGP testing regimes.
全球范围内，尼古丁吸入产品的种类日益多样。诸如电子烟之类的下一代产品（NGP）已广受欢迎，并且基于电和碳的烟草加热产品（分别为电子烟草加热产品和碳基烟草加热产品）的使用也在增加。最近，已将这些产品的排放水平与传统香烟（CC）进行了比较；然而，几乎没有正式的实验室测试标准，并且使用了不一致的抽吸参数。我们研究了包括两支电子烟、一种碳加热烟草产品以及脉冲加热和连续加热电子烟草加热产品在内的多种下一代产品的抽吸方式对其排放物量的影响，与标准传统香烟相比，研究了抽吸曲线、体积、频率和持续时间的影响。我们的研究结果表明，对于每种下一代产品，抽吸参数的选择对气溶胶和烟雾排放物量有重大影响，并且不同类型的下一代产品之间存在显著差异。对于电子烟和脉冲加热电子烟草加热产品，抽吸持续时间是影响产量的最重要抽吸参数。相比之下，对于传统香烟、碳基烟草加热产品和连续加热电子烟草加热产品，抽吸体积和抽吸频率是关键参数。对于电子烟，矩形和钟形曲线的排放物之间没有显著差异。我们的研究还表明，这些不同的行为是不同下一代产品内热管理方式的结果，从热源到尼古丁和气溶胶释放基质，热管理是影响气溶胶生成的关键机制因素。这些发现表明需要详细的实际电子烟和烟草加热产品抽吸地形数据，以便确定实验室测试最合适的抽吸参数；我们的研究结果将有助于将这些研究聚焦于最重要的参数，从而支持未来稳健的标准化下一代产品测试制度的发展。
