Tortosa-Martínez J, Manchado C, Cortell-Tormo J M, Chulvi-Medrano I
University of Alicante, Facultad de Educación, Carretera San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
Neurobiol Stress. 2018 Aug 12;9:40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.08.004. eCollection 2018 Nov.
Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease as well as to improve cognition in healthy and cognitively impaired individuals. However, the mechanisms of these benefits are not well understood. The stress hypothesis suggests that the cognitive benefits attributed to exercise may partially be mediated by changes in the cortisol secretion pattern. Chronic stress may increase the risk of AD and exacerbate the cognitive deficits and brain pathology characteristic of the condition while physical activity has been shown to attenuate most of stress consequences and risk factors for AD. Initially, research on the effects of cortisol on cognition and physical activity focused on cortisol levels at one time point but the circadian pattern of cortisol secretion is complex and it is still unclear which aspects are most closely associated with cognitive function. Thus, the aim of this review was to analyze the exercise/stress/cognition hypothesis focusing on the effects of the diurnal cycle of cortisol on cognitive function and physical activity in older adults with and without cognitive impairment.
运动已被证明可降低患轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的风险，并改善健康个体和认知受损个体的认知能力。然而，这些益处的机制尚未完全明确。应激假说认为，运动带来的认知益处可能部分是由皮质醇分泌模式的变化介导的。慢性应激可能会增加患阿尔茨海默病的风险，并加剧该病的认知缺陷和脑部病变特征，而体育活动已被证明可减轻大部分应激后果和阿尔茨海默病的风险因素。最初，关于皮质醇对认知和体育活动影响的研究集中在某一时刻的皮质醇水平，但皮质醇分泌的昼夜模式很复杂，目前仍不清楚哪些方面与认知功能关系最为密切。因此，本综述的目的是分析运动/应激/认知假说，重点关注皮质醇昼夜节律对有或无认知障碍的老年人认知功能和体育活动的影响。
