Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Health Education and Promotion, Reus, Spain.
Medical service of Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas, Delegación Catalunya II, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
BMC Public Health. 2018 Nov 20;18(1):1281. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6133-y.
The consumption of alcohol and other drugs causes social and health problems in industrialized societies. Furthermore, alcohol and drug consumption in the workplace is associated with work accidents, absenteeism and low productivity. The aim of the current study is to reduce alcohol and drug consumption among workers in the service industry and, as a secondary aim, to improve their healthy habits through the reduction of alcohol and other drug consumption in their leisure time.
This nonrandomized, single-group study was conducted in 12 work centers. The intervention began in 2009 and emphasized 1) health promotion and health monitoring, which included a) alcohol and drug awareness and b) the evaluation and monitoring of alcohol and drug consumption through a semistructured interview designed to assess risky consumption; urine tests aimed at detecting alcohol, cannabis and cocaine use; an Alcotest based on expired air to test for the recent consumption of alcohol and a saliva exam to test for the recent consumption of six drugs; and 2) secondary prevention if risky consumption was identified. Risky alcohol consumption was defined as the ingestion of more than 28 standard drink units (SDUs)/week among men and more than 17 SDUs/week among women (taking into account both work and leisure time). Drug consumption was considered risky consumption.
A total of 1103 workers participated, and each received 5 h of awareness training. Those who presented with risky consumption received secondary prevention training. The prevalence of risky alcohol consumption decreased by 4.1% (baseline: 14.7% reduced to 10.6% in the first year; p = 0.001), a reduction that was maintained over a 3-year follow-up period.
A comprehensive program of worker health surveillance that involves stakeholders and includes monitoring can be a means of potentially improving compliance with workplace promotion programs, resulting in the facilitation of such beneficial, desired behavior change in areas such as alcohol and drug consumption.
在工业化社会中，酒精和其他药物的消费会导致社会和健康问题。此外，工作场所的酒精和药物消费与工作事故、旷工和低生产力有关。本研究的目的是减少服务业工人的酒精和药物消费，作为次要目的，通过减少他们在闲暇时间的酒精和其他药物消费来改善他们的健康习惯。
这是一项非随机、单组研究，在 12 个工作中心进行。干预始于 2009 年，重点是 1）健康促进和健康监测，包括 a）酒精和药物意识和 b）通过半结构化访谈评估和监测酒精和药物消费，旨在评估风险消费；尿液检测旨在检测酒精、大麻和可卡因的使用；基于呼出气体的 Alcotest 测试最近的酒精消费，以及唾液检测测试最近六种药物的消费；2）如果发现风险消费，则进行二级预防。风险饮酒定义为男性每周摄入超过 28 个标准饮酒单位（SDU），女性每周摄入超过 17 个 SDU（同时考虑工作和闲暇时间）。药物消费被认为是风险消费。
共有 1103 名工人参加，每人接受 5 小时的意识培训。那些有风险饮酒的人接受了二级预防培训。风险饮酒的患病率下降了 4.1%（基线：14.7%降至第一年的 10.6%；p=0.001），这种下降在 3 年的随访期间得到维持。
涉及利益相关者并包括监测的全面工人健康监测计划可以是提高对工作场所促进计划的遵守的一种手段，从而促进酒精和药物消费等领域的有益和期望的行为改变。
