Sun Xiaolun, Jia Zhenquan
Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States.
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2018 Nov;205:97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.014. Epub 2018 Nov 3.
Eliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning diarrhea. In this review, we introduce the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and microbiome modulation of inflammation against intestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide updated knowledge on host-microbe interaction and to promote using microbiome as new antimicrobial strategies to reduce intestinal diseases.
在食用动物生产中消除预防性抗生素，对发现抗菌替代品（如微生物组）以减少肠道疾病高发带来了压力。肠道是一个将宿主细胞与微生物群耦合在一起的复杂生态系统。微生物群及其代谢活动和产物统称为微生物组。通过宿主免疫与微生物组之间动态而微妙的相互作用实现肠道稳态。然而，这种平衡偶尔会被打破，从而导致肠道炎症性疾病，如人类的炎症性肠病、鸡坏死性肠炎和猪断奶后腹泻。在本综述中，我们介绍肠道免疫系统、肠道微生物组以及针对肠道疾病的微生物组对炎症的调节作用。本综述的目的是提供关于宿主 - 微生物相互作用的最新知识，并促进将微生物组用作减少肠道疾病的新型抗菌策略。
