Wergin V Vanessa, Zimanyi Zsuzsanna, Mesagno Christopher, Beckmann Jürgen
Chair of Sport Psychology, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2018 Nov 6;9:2115. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02115. eCollection 2018.
Collective team collapse occurs when multiple players of a sport team experience a sudden and extreme underperformance within a game. To date, minimal research has been conducted on the causes of collective team collapse. Thus, goals of this study were to explore perceived causes of collective team collapse in different sports and to define team collapse in contrast to negative momentum. To investigate factors causing and maintaining collective sport team collapse, an inductive, exploratory qualitative analysis of individual interviews was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 10 athletes of professional German teams of various sports playing in between first and fourth division. Participants were interviewed about a team collapse event they had experienced with their team during the past year. Data were collected and analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. Collective team collapse appeared to be induced by a temporal cascade of causes rather than by single triggers. This cascade included antecedents, which represent factors that make the occurrence of a team collapse more likely; critical events, which include specific events within the game that trigger a team collapse; as well as affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes that foster a maintenance of the collapse. Within this theoretical framework, social factors, such as decreased performance contagion or emotional contagion, played crucial roles in causing a team collapse. These results illustrate that collective team collapse is more than the sum of individual choking of multiple players at the same time. In conclusion, a new definition, differentiating team collapse from negative momentum, is introduced. Furthermore, a process model of causes of collective team collapse is proposed. The results provide first insights into causes of collective collapse in a variety of team sports. The developed model is supposed to help future research to better connect to practice and to support athletes, coaches, and sport psychologists.
当一支运动队的多名队员在一场比赛中突然表现极差时，就会发生集体团队崩溃。迄今为止，针对集体团队崩溃原因的研究极少。因此，本研究的目的是探讨不同运动项目中集体团队崩溃的感知原因，并将团队崩溃与消极势头进行区分。为了调查导致并维持集体运动队崩溃的因素，我们对个人访谈进行了归纳性、探索性的定性分析。我们对德国各级职业运动队（从甲级到丁级）的10名运动员进行了半结构化访谈。参与者被问及他们在过去一年中与所在团队经历的一次团队崩溃事件。我们使用扎根理论方法收集和分析数据。集体团队崩溃似乎是由一系列时间上的原因引发的，而不是由单一触发因素导致的。这一系列原因包括前置因素，即那些使团队崩溃更有可能发生的因素；关键事件，即比赛中引发团队崩溃的特定事件；以及促进崩溃持续的情感、认知和行为结果。在这个理论框架内，社会因素，如表现感染力或情绪感染力下降，在导致团队崩溃方面起着关键作用。这些结果表明，集体团队崩溃不仅仅是多名队员同时发挥失常的总和。总之，我们引入了一个新的定义，将团队崩溃与消极势头区分开来。此外，我们还提出了一个集体团队崩溃原因的过程模型。研究结果为各种团队运动中集体崩溃的原因提供了初步见解。所建立的模型旨在帮助未来的研究更好地与实践相结合，并为运动员、教练和运动心理学家提供支持。
