Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Nov 24;18(12):4126. doi: 10.3390/s18124126.
Label-free optical biosensors are an intriguing option for the analyses of many analytes, as they offer several advantages such as high sensitivity, direct and real-time measurement in addition to multiplexing capabilities. However, development of label-free optical biosensors for small molecules can be challenging as most of them are not naturally chromogenic or fluorescent, and in some cases, the sensor response is related to the size of the analyte. To overcome some of the limitations associated with the analysis of biologically, pharmacologically, or environmentally relevant compounds of low molecular weight, recent advances in the field have improved the detection of these analytes using outstanding methodology, instrumentation, recognition elements, or immobilization strategies. In this review, we aim to introduce some of the latest developments in the field of label-free optical biosensors with the focus on applications with novel innovations to overcome the challenges related to small molecule detection. Optical label-free methods with different transduction schemes, including evanescent wave and optical fiber sensors, surface plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and interferometry, using various biorecognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers, enzymes, and bioinspired molecularly imprinted polymers, are reviewed.
无标记光学生物传感器是分析许多分析物的一种有趣选择，因为它们具有许多优点，如高灵敏度、直接实时测量以及多重检测能力。然而，开发用于小分子的无标记光学生物传感器可能具有挑战性，因为大多数小分子本身不是显色或荧光的，并且在某些情况下，传感器响应与分析物的大小有关。为了克服与生物、药理或环境相关的低分子量化合物分析相关的一些限制，该领域的最新进展通过使用出色的方法、仪器、识别元件或固定化策略，改善了对这些分析物的检测。在这篇综述中，我们旨在介绍无标记光学生物传感器领域的一些最新进展，重点是具有新颖创新的应用，以克服与小分子检测相关的挑战。我们综述了不同的光学无标记方法，包括倏逝波和光纤传感器、表面等离子体共振、表面增强拉曼光谱和干涉测量，以及各种生物识别元件，如抗体、适体、酶和仿生分子印迹聚合物。
