Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
Institute for Politics and Strategy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Apr 16;116(16):7670-7675. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1805863115. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Effective science communication requires assembling scientists with knowledge relevant to decision makers, translating that knowledge into useful terms, establishing trusted two-way communication channels, evaluating the process, and refining it as needed. [National Research Council (2017)] surveys the scientific foundations for accomplishing these tasks, the research agenda for improving them, and the essential collaborative relations with decision makers and communication professionals. Recognizing the complexity of the science, the decisions, and the communication processes, the report calls for a systems approach. This perspective offers an approach to creating such systems by adapting scientific methods to the practical constraints of science communication. It considers staffing (are the right people involved?), internal collaboration (are they talking to one another?), and external collaboration (are they talking to other stakeholders?). It focuses on contexts where the goal of science communication is helping people to make autonomous choices rather than promoting specific behaviors (e.g., voter turnout, vaccination rates, energy consumption). The approach is illustrated with research in two domains: decisions about preventing sexual assault and responding to pandemic disease.
有效的科学传播需要将具有决策者相关知识的科学家聚集在一起，将这些知识转化为有用的术语，建立可信赖的双向沟通渠道，评估该过程，并根据需要进行改进。[美国国家研究委员会（2017 年）]调查了完成这些任务的科学基础、改进这些任务的研究议程以及与决策者和传播专业人士的必要合作关系。该报告认识到科学、决策和沟通过程的复杂性，因此呼吁采用系统方法。这种观点提供了一种通过将科学方法适用于科学传播的实际限制来创建此类系统的方法。它考虑了人员配备（是否涉及合适的人员？）、内部协作（他们是否在相互交流？）和外部协作（他们是否在与其他利益相关者交流？）。它侧重于科学传播的目标是帮助人们做出自主选择而不是促进特定行为（例如，选民投票率、疫苗接种率、能源消耗）的情况。该方法通过两个领域的研究进行了说明：防止性侵犯和应对大流行病的决策。
