School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100,081, China.
Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100,081, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(3):2929-2938. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3803-3. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
The ecological footprint, a measure of human demand on earth's ecosystems, represents the amount of biologically productive land and sea area that is necessary to supply the resources a human population consumes and to mitigate associated waste. This study estimates the impact of economic growth and natural resources on Pakistan's ecological footprint using an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) model for long-run estimation. The empirical findings indicate that natural resources have a positive effect on an ecological footprint that deteriorates environmental quality and that natural resources help to support the environmental Kuznets hypothesis (EKC). Bidirectional causality is found between natural resources and the ecological footprint, along with a long-run causality between biocapacity and the ecological footprint. The innovative findings have important implications for policy.
生态足迹是衡量人类对地球生态系统需求的指标，它代表了供应人类消费的资源和减轻相关废物所需的生物生产性土地和海洋面积。本研究使用自回归分布滞后 (ARDL) 模型对巴基斯坦的经济增长和自然资源对生态足迹的影响进行了长期估计。实证结果表明，自然资源对生态足迹有正向影响，生态足迹会恶化环境质量，而自然资源有助于支持环境库兹涅茨假说 (EKC)。自然资源与生态足迹之间存在双向因果关系，生物承载力与生态足迹之间也存在长期因果关系。这些创新性发现对政策制定具有重要意义。
