Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Escorxador s/n, 43003 Tarragona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 29;15(12):2693. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122693.
Smoking is the leading preventable disease worldwide and passive smoking is estimated to be the cause of about 1.0% of worldwide mortality. The determination of tobacco smoke biomarkers in human biological matrices is key to assess the health effects related to the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The biomonitoring of cotinine, the main nicotine metabolite, in human biofluids-including urine, serum or saliva-has been extensively used to assess this exposure. However, the simultaneous determination of cotinine together with other tobacco biomarkers and the selection of alternative biological matrices, such as hair, skin or exhaled breath, would enable a better characterization of the kind and extent of tobacco exposure. This review aims to perform a critical analysis of the up-to-date literature focused on the simultaneous determination of multiple tobacco smoke biomarkers studied in different biological matrices, due to the exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS). Target biomarkers included both tobacco-specific biomarkers-nicotine and tobacco specific nitrosamine biomarkers-and tobacco-related biomarkers, such as those from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, metals and carbon monoxide. To conclude, we discuss the suitability of determining multiple biomarkers through several relevant examples of SHS and THS exposure.
吸烟是全球范围内导致可预防疾病的主要因素，而据估计，被动吸烟是导致全球 1.0%的死亡率的原因之一。在人类生物基质中确定烟草烟雾生物标志物是评估与接触环境烟草烟雾相关的健康影响的关键。在人体生物流体（包括尿液、血清或唾液）中对可替宁（尼古丁的主要代谢物）进行生物监测已被广泛用于评估这种暴露。然而，同时测定可替宁与其他烟草生物标志物，并选择替代的生物基质，如头发、皮肤或呼出的气息，将能够更好地描述烟草暴露的种类和程度。本文旨在对最新文献进行批判性分析，这些文献集中于在不同的生物基质中同时测定多种烟草烟雾生物标志物，这些生物标志物与二手烟（SHS）和三手烟（THS）暴露有关。目标生物标志物包括烟草特异性生物标志物（尼古丁和烟草特异性亚硝胺生物标志物）和烟草相关生物标志物，如多环芳烃、挥发性有机化合物、金属和一氧化碳的生物标志物。最后，我们通过几个与 SHS 和 THS 暴露相关的相关示例讨论了确定多种生物标志物的适用性。
