Department of Economics, Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2018 Dec 6;13(12):e0208402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208402. eCollection 2018.
Malaysia has a comprehensive, publicly-funded immunization program for hepatitis B (HepB) among infants, but adults must pay for the vaccine. The number of HepB carriers among adults is expected to increase in the future; therefore, we examined the impact of five constructs (cues to action, perceived barriers, perceived benefit, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility) on adults' willingness to pay (WTP) for HepB vaccine; secondarily, we examined the association between perceived barriers and perceived benefits.
Adults were selected through a stratified, two-stage cluster community sample in Selangor, Malaysia. The reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the measurement model were assessed before implementing a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the significance of the structural paths.
A total of 728 participants were enrolled. The five constructs all showed adequate internal reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. There was a significant, positive relationship to WTP from constructs (perceived barriers [Path coefficient (β) = 0.082, P = 0.036], perceived susceptibility [β = 0.214, P<0.001], and cues to action [β = 0.166, P<0.001]), and the model all together accounted for 8.8% of the variation in WTP. There was a significant, negative relationship between perceived barriers and perceived benefit [β = -0.261, P<0.001], which accounted for 6.8% of variation in perceived benefit.
Policy and programs should be targeted that can modify individuals' thoughts about disease risk, their obstacles in obtaining the preventive action, and their readiness to obtain a vaccine. Such programs include educational materials about disease risk and clinic visits that can pair HepB screening and vaccination.
马来西亚为婴儿提供全面的、由公共资金资助的乙型肝炎（HepB）免疫计划，但成年人必须自费接种疫苗。未来成年人中的 HepB 携带者数量预计会增加；因此，我们研究了五个构念（行动提示、感知障碍、感知益处、感知严重程度和感知易感性）对成年人接种 HepB 疫苗的支付意愿（WTP）的影响；其次，我们研究了感知障碍与感知益处之间的关系。
成年人是通过马来西亚雪兰莪州的分层两阶段社区抽样选择的。在实施偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）评估结构路径的显著性之前，评估了测量模型的可靠性、收敛有效性和判别有效性。
共纳入 728 名参与者。五个构念均显示出足够的内部可靠性、收敛有效性和判别有效性。从构念（感知障碍[路径系数（β）= 0.082，P = 0.036]、感知易感性[β = 0.214，P<0.001]和行动提示[β = 0.166，P<0.001]）到 WTP 呈显著正相关，该模型共同解释了 WTP 变化的 8.8%。感知障碍与感知益处之间呈显著负相关[β = -0.261，P<0.001]，解释了感知益处变化的 6.8%。
应针对那些可以改变个体对疾病风险、获得预防措施障碍以及获得疫苗准备程度的政策和计划。这些方案包括有关疾病风险的教育材料和诊所就诊，可以将 HepB 筛查和疫苗接种结合起来。
