Department of Psychology, Ohio University, 200 Porter Hall, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Jun;47(6):975-987. doi: 10.1007/s10802-018-0491-x.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder consisting of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors. Although, the multidimensionality of ADHD is widely accepted, questions remain regarding the extent to which the components of this disorder are overlapping or distinct. Further, although the same measures are generally used to assess inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors across childhood, it has been argued that the structure and measurement of inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors may be susceptible to developmental influences. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors in a large group of children (N = 10,047) ranging in grade level from preschool to grade 4. A bifactor model with a general factor and two specific factors of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity fit the data best. This finding held across all groups and all grade levels. In general, the bifactor model demonstrated measurement invariance from kindergarten through grade 4 but not for preschool. Implications for the understanding and measurement of inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors across early and middle childhood are discussed.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种复杂的异质障碍，由注意力不集中和多动/冲动行为组成。尽管 ADHD 的多维性已被广泛接受，但仍存在疑问，即该障碍的各个组成部分是否存在重叠或不同。此外，虽然通常使用相同的措施来评估儿童时期的注意力不集中、多动和冲动行为，但有人认为，注意力不集中、多动和冲动行为的结构和测量可能容易受到发展影响。本研究的目的是在一个从幼儿园到四年级的大样本儿童群体（N=10047）中，检验注意力不集中和多动/冲动行为的因子结构和测量不变性。一个具有一般因素和两个特定因素（注意力不集中和多动/冲动）的双因素模型最适合数据。这一发现适用于所有群体和所有年级。一般来说，双因素模型在幼儿园到四年级具有测量不变性，但在幼儿园不具有测量不变性。讨论了对理解和测量幼儿期和中期注意力不集中、多动和冲动行为的影响。
