Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, U.S.A.
Biosci Rep. 2019 Jan 8;39(1). doi: 10.1042/BSR20171505. Print 2019 Jan 31.
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics in humans. The virus's ability to change its antigenic nature through mutation and recombination, and the difficulty in developing highly effective universal vaccines against it, make it a serious global public health challenge. Influenza virus's surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are all modified by the host cell's N-linked glycosylation pathways. Host innate immune responses are the first line of defense against infection, and glycosylation of these major antigens plays an important role in the generation of host innate responses toward the virus. Here, we review the principal findings in the analytical techniques used to study influenza N-linked glycosylation, the evolutionary dynamics of N-linked glycosylation in seasonal versus pandemic and zoonotic strains, its role in host innate immune responses, and the prospects for lectin-based therapies. As the efficiency of innate immune responses is a critical determinant of disease severity and adaptive immunity, the study of influenza glycobiology is of clinical as well as research interest.
流感病毒会导致人类季节性流行和偶发性大流行。该病毒通过突变和重组改变其抗原性质的能力，以及开发针对它的高效通用疫苗的困难，使其成为一个严重的全球公共卫生挑战。流感病毒表面的糖蛋白血凝素和神经氨酸酶都受到宿主细胞 N 连接糖基化途径的修饰。宿主先天免疫反应是抵御感染的第一道防线，这些主要抗原的糖基化在宿主对病毒产生先天反应中起着重要作用。在这里，我们综述了用于研究流感 N 连接糖基化的分析技术的主要发现，季节性和大流行及人畜共患病株中 N 连接糖基化的进化动态，其在宿主先天免疫反应中的作用，以及基于凝集素的治疗方法的前景。由于先天免疫反应的效率是疾病严重程度和适应性免疫的关键决定因素，因此流感糖生物学的研究具有临床和研究意义。
