棘皮动物和软体动物的血腔和体腔微生物群具有抗菌活性的新见解。

New insights into the haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activities from Echinodermata and Mollusca.

机构信息

Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbiennes LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France.

Food Sciences Department, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.

出版信息

J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Apr;126(4):1023-1031. doi: 10.1111/jam.14184. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

DOI:10.1111/jam.14184

PMID:30586216

Abstract

AIMS

The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of bacteria with antimicrobial activity present in the coelomic fluid and haemolymph of wild and healthy echinodermata and mollusca.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Collection expeditions of healthy marine molluscs and echinoderms were conducted in the Glenan archipelago in spring 2014. Members of the culturable microbiota present in the haemolymph, (haemo-microbiota) of Haliotis tuberculata (gastropoda, abalone) and Mytilus edulis (bivalvia, mussel), as well as in the coelomic fluid (coelo-microbiota) of Echinus esculentus (echinoidea, sea urchin) and Holothuria forskali (Holothuroidea, holothurian) were screened for antimicrobial activity, and further identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Except for E. esculentus, culturable bacteria in the internal fluids of all studied organisms (mussel, abalone and holothurian) were more abundant than in seawater. The haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activity differed significantly between host species, in terms of abundance and diversity. Indeed, higher numbers were isolated from mussel than from abalone haemolymph. Moreover, in mussels and holothurians, bacteria with antimicrobial activities were predominantly Vibrio spp. (respectively 55 and 45%), while Pseudoalteromonas spp. were the most abundant (50%) in abalone haemolymph. Nevertheless, the activity spectra of these bacteria mainly included marine pathogens affiliated to the Vibrio genus.

CONCLUSION

The haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activities were significantly related to their host species and differed in terms of abundance and diversity. These bacteria may play a key role in host homeostasis against pathogens.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY

This study brings new knowledge on the diversity of bacteria present in the internal fluids of two marine molluscs and two echinoderms and their antimicrobial activities towards marine pathogens.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在调查野生和健康的棘皮动物和软体动物的体腔液和血淋巴中具有抗菌活性的细菌多样性。

方法和结果

2014 年春季，在格伦南群岛进行了健康海洋软体动物和棘皮动物的采集考察。筛选了 Haliotis tuberculata（腹足纲，鲍鱼）和 Mytilus edulis（双壳纲，贻贝）血淋巴（血微生物群）以及 Echinus esculentus（棘皮动物，海胆）和 Holothuria forskali（海参纲，海参）体腔液（腔微生物群）中存在的可培养微生物群落的抗菌活性，并进一步通过 16S rRNA 测序进行鉴定。除了 E. esculentus 之外，所有研究生物（贻贝、鲍鱼和海参）内部液体中的可培养细菌数量均明显多于海水。在宿主物种方面，血淋巴和体腔液的抗菌活性微生物群在丰度和多样性上存在显著差异。实际上，从贻贝血淋巴中分离出的数量比从鲍鱼血淋巴中分离出的数量更多。此外，在贻贝和海参中，具有抗菌活性的细菌主要是弧菌属（分别为 55%和 45%），而在鲍鱼血淋巴中，假交替单胞菌属（50%）最为丰富。然而，这些细菌的活性谱主要包括与弧菌属相关的海洋病原体。